A semiautomated enzymatic method for determination of nonesterified fatty acid concentration in milk and plasma

Christmass, Michael; Mitoulas, Leon R.; Hartmann, Peter; Arthur, Peter G.

doi:10.1007/s11745-998-0304-9

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We measured TNF‐R1 levels by ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) that permits accurate assessment with little or no TNF‐β or other interleukin cross‐reactivity and a CV of <10%. We also measured NEFA levels by enzymatic acyl‐CoA synthetase—acyl‐CoA oxidase spectrophotometric methods using the Wako NEFA‐C kit (Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd., Osaka, Japan), which is not different from gas chromatographic results (35). Each commercial assay was calibrated with standards from the manufacturer.…”

Section: Research Methods and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Leptin, Fatty Acids, and Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Receptor and Insulin Resistance in Children

2003

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CHU, NAIN-FENG, JIN-BIOU CHANG, AND SHIH-MING SHIEH. Plasma leptin, fatty acids, and tumor necrosis factor-receptor and insulin resistance in children. Obes Res. 2003;11:532-540. Objective: To evaluate the effect of plasma leptin, nonsterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and tumor necrosis factor-receptor 1 (TNFR1) on plasma insulin and insulin-resistance status in children. Research Methods and Procedures:One thousand thirtytwo children (521 boys and 511 girls) were included in this study. We measured plasma insulin and leptin levels by radioimmunoassay, plasma NEFA levels by enzymatic acyl-coenzyme A synthase-acyl-coenzyme A oxidase spectrophotometric methods, and TNFR1 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We calculated insulin resistance index (IRI) using homeostasis model assessment and calculated insulin-resistance syndrome summary score (IRS) by adding the quartile ranks from the distribution of systolic blood pressure (BP), serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (inverse), and insulin levels. Results: Overweight children had higher BP, plasma leptin, and insulin levels and higher IRI and IRS than normalweight children. Plasma leptin and TNFR1 were positively correlated with insulin levels, IRI, and IRS. The correlation coefficients of leptin and TNFR1 in IRI were 0.53 and 0.12, respectively, for boys and 0.25 and 0.18, respectively, for girls. In multivariate regression analyses, TNFR1 was positively associated with insulin level and IRI in girls; NEFA was positively associated only with IRS. Plasma leptin levels were significantly positively associated with insulin levels, IRI, and IRS, even after adjusting for BMI and other potential confounders. Discussion: Overweight children had higher BP, plasma insulin, and leptin levels and adverse insulin-resistance status than normal-weight children. Plasma leptin levels, rather than NEFA and TNFR1, may play a significant role in the development of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in children.

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Section: Research Methods and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Leptin, Fatty Acids, and Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Receptor and Insulin Resistance in Children

2003

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“…Plasma FFA levels were measured using an enzymatic spectrophotometric method (Wako Chemical, Neuss, Germany), following the manufacturer's instructions [16].…”

Section: Determination Of Serum Non-esterified Fatty Acid Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate exercise improves leucocyte function and decreases inflammation in diabetes

Belotto

Magdalon

Rodrigues

et al. 2010

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SummaryThe genesis and progression of diabetes occur due in part to an uncontrolled inflammation profile with insulin resistance, increased serum levels of free fatty acids (FFA), proinflammatory cytokines and leucocyte dysfunction. In this study, an investigation was made of the effect of a 3-week moderate exercise regimen on a treadmill (60% of VO2max, 30 min/day, 6 days a week) on inflammatory markers and leucocyte functions in diabetic rats. The exercise decreased serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a (6%), cytokineinduced neutrophil chemotactic factor 2 alpha/beta (CINC-2a/b) (9%), interleukin (IL)-1b (34%), IL-6 (86%), C-reactive protein (CRP) (41%) and FFA (40%) in diabetic rats when compared with sedentary diabetic animals. Exercise also attenuated the increased responsiveness of leucocytes from diabetics when compared to controls, diminishing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) release by neutrophils (21%) and macrophages (28%). Exercise did not change neutrophil migration and the proportion of neutrophils and macrophages in necrosis (loss of plasma membrane integrity) and apoptosis (DNA fragmentation). Serum activities of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were not modified in the conditions studied. Therefore, physical training did not alter the integrity of muscle cells. We conclude that moderate physical exercise has marked anti-inflammatory effects on diabetic rats. This may be an efficient strategy to protect diabetics against microorganism infection, insulin resistance and vascular complications.

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“…Plasma NEFA concentration was determined according to Christmass et al (1998b). The coupled luminometric assays were further modi®ed for rapid sample throughput using a Dynatech ML 2250 microtiter plate luminometer (Dynatech Laboratories, Chantilly, Va., USA) according to Thompson et al (1997).…”

Section: Plasma Metabolite Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of skeletal muscle oxygenation and fuel use in sustained continuous and intermittent exercise

Christmass¹,

Dawson

Passeretto

et al. 1999

Eur J Appl Physiol

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In this study we compared substrate oxidation and muscle oxygen availability during sustained intermittent intense and continuous submaximal exercise with similar overall (i.e. work and recovery) oxygen consumption (VO2). Physically active subjects (n = 7) completed 90 min of an intermittent intense (12 s work:18 s recovery) and a continuous submaximal treadmill running protocol on separate days. In another experiment (n = 5) we compared oxygen availability in the vastus lateralis muscle between these two exercise protocols using near-infrared spectroscopy. Initially, overall VO(2) (i.e. work and recovery) was matched, and from 37.5 min to 67.5 min of exercise was similar, although slightly higher during continuous exercise (8%; P < 0.05). Energy expenditure was constant (22.5-90 min of exercise) and was not different in intermittent intense [0.81 (0.01) kJ x min(-1). kg(-1)] and continuous submaximal [0.85 (0.01) kJ x min(-1) x kg(-1)] exercise. Overall exercise intensity, represented as a proportion of peak aerobic power (VO2(peak)), was 68.1 (2.5)% VO2(peak) and 71.8 (1.8)% VO2(peak) for intermittent and continuous exercise protocols, respectively. Fat oxidation was almost 3 times lower (P < 0.05) and carbohydrate oxidation was approximately 1.2 times higher (P < 0.05) during intermittent compared to continuous exercise, despite the same overall energy expenditure. Capillary plasma lactate was constant from 15 to 90 min of exercise, and pyruvate was constant from 15 to 75 min, although both were higher (P < 0.0001, lactate; P < 0.001, pyruvate) during intermittent [5.05 (0.28) mM, 200 (7) microM, respectively] compared to continuous exercise [2.41 (0.10) mM, 114 (4) microM, respectively]. There was no difference between protocols for either plasma glycerol or non-esterified fatty acids. The decrease in muscle oxygenation during work periods of intermittent exercise resulted in a lower nadir oxygenation [54.62 (0.41)%] compared to continuous exercise [58.82 (0.21)%, P < 0.001]. The decline in oxygenation was correlated with treadmill speed (r = 0.72; P < 0.05). These results show a difference in substrate utilisation and muscle oxygen availability during sustained intermittent intense and continuous submaximal exercise, despite a similar overall VO(2) and identical energy expenditure.

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A semiautomated enzymatic method for determination of nonesterified fatty acid concentration in milk and plasma

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Plasma Leptin, Fatty Acids, and Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Receptor and Insulin Resistance in Children

Plasma Leptin, Fatty Acids, and Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Receptor and Insulin Resistance in Children

Moderate exercise improves leucocyte function and decreases inflammation in diabetes

A comparison of skeletal muscle oxygenation and fuel use in sustained continuous and intermittent exercise

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