“…18 Furthermore, graphene, with its hexagonal lattice structure composed of sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms, exhibits large specific surface areas, stable chemical properties, and excellent optoelectronic and catalytic properties. 19–21 With the outstanding electrical properties of graphene, its derivatives play a crucial role in electrochemical sensing platforms, including molecularly imprinted sensors manufactured using graphene 22,23 and graphene quantum dots. 24 Compared to graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) produced through reduction techniques exhibits higher conductivity and transmission channels, playing a crucial role in the field of electrochemistry.…”