A sensitive spectrophotometric method for lead determination by flow injection analysis with on-line preconcentration

Abstract

A new flow injection (FI) system for the determination of Pb(II) at trace level with a preconcentration step and spectrophotometric detection is proposed. It is based on preconcentration of lead ions on chitosan and dithizone-lead complex formation in aqueous medium (pH 9). The chemicals and FIA variables influencing the performance of the system were optimized and applied to the determination of lead in natural, well, and drinking water samples. It is a simple, highly sensitive, and low cost alternative methodology. The method provided a linear rage between 25 and 250mugl(-1), a detection limit of 5.0ngml(-1) and a sample throughput of 15h(-1). The obtained results of spiked samples are in good agreement between the proposed method and ICP-AES.

Rapid Test Methods for the Field Screening of Heavy Metals in Soil Samples

“…Dithizone is an old and wellknown reagent, which was widely used for heavy metal determination (Di Nezio et al 2004). The experimental procedure for the rapid colorimetric Pb determination in soil extracts is as follows: 2 ml of soil extract were placed into one of the test tubes and treated with 2 ml of concentrated ammonia solution.…”

Quenching-Chemiluminescence New Method for Determination of Ethylmorphine by New Design Chemiluminescence Flow Injection System

“…Flow injection analysis (FIA) can provide the necessary requirement of rapid, less contamination of samples, on-line elimination of interferences and possibility of using unstable reagents (1) , high precision enhancement of on-line sensitivity, micro sample analysis, Low cost, high sample throughput , excellent accuracy (2,3) , reproducible mixing for chemiluminescence. FIA also provides portable, low cost automated reactions, whilst CL provides rapid, sensitive and selective detection using simple instrumentation (4) .…”

Applicability of cloud point extraction for the separation trace amount of lead ion in environmental and biological samples prior to determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

“…In both cases, it could be either delivered to the environment by inadequate manufacturing processes or caused by accident (Naseri et al, 2008). The environmental and health problems arise fundamentally from the use of gasoline antiknock products and paint pigments (Nezio et al, 2004). As a consequence, the world health organization (WHO) has established the maximum allowable limit of 10 ng mL À1 for lead in drinking water (WHO, 1996).…”