A sequential-move game for enhancing safety and security cooperation within chemical clusters

Pavlova, Yulia; Reniers, Genserik

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.013

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Despite recent concerns about weapons of mass destruction (WMD), explosions are by far the most common cause of mass-casualty incidents associated with terrorism [4]. A successful attack aimed at direct or indirect damage of target equipment by bombs or fire arms can trigger domino scenarios [5] and cause damages to multiple process units or eventually several neighbouring industrial site [6,7]. The terrorist attacks to Iraq's oil terminal in 2004 and largest refinery in 2015 are examples of terrorist attacks by improvised explosive devices (IEDs) to chemical plants [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An emergency response decision matrix against terrorist attacks with improvised device in chemical clusters

Hosseinnia¹,

Khakzad²,

Reniers³

2018

Int. J. SAFE

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Chemical industrial areas may constitute potential targets for deliberate actions by terrorists. Terrorists having sufficient knowledge of chemical process operations or plant layout may take advantage of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) to cause major events such as fire, explosion and toxic gas dispersion with cross-border consequences in chemical clusters. Thus, an efficient cluster-wise emergency plan to enhance the promptness and efficacy of responding to such attacks is crucial. In this study, the effects of blast wave caused by IEDs are assessed and its potentiality in triggering domino scenarios are analysed. A decision tree is developed to determine the emergency level of each company within the cluster based on the attack outcomes. Furthermore, an alert notification system is set based on a decision matrix. Finally, the identified emergency levels and the alert levels are presented in form of a multi-plant decision matrix. The application of the developed methodology is demonstrated in a case study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An emergency response decision matrix against terrorist attacks with improvised device in chemical clusters

Hosseinnia¹,

Khakzad²,

Reniers³

2018

Int. J. SAFE

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“…In the chemical security domain, a game theoretic approach was utilized by Reniers et al [10][11][12][13][14][15] to systematically study cooperation regarding safety and security investments within chemical clusters. Whether investing in safety and security, or not, by the stakeholders of plants is the main focus in their model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Playing Chemical Plant Environmental Protection Games with Historical Monitoring Data

Zhu¹,

Chen²,

Reniers³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract:The chemical industry is an integral part of the world economy and a substantial income source for developing countries. However, existing regulations or the enforcement of these regulations, on controlling atmospheric pollutants sometimes may be insufficient, leading to the deterioration of surrounding ecosystems and to a quality decrease of the atmospheric environment. Previous works in this domain fail to generate executable solutions for inspection agencies due to practical challenges. In addressing these challenges, we introduce a so-called Chemical Plant Environment Protection Game (CPEP) to generate reasonable schedules of high-accuracy air quality monitoring stations for inspection agencies. First, Stackelberg Security Games (SSGs) are incorporated together with source estimation methods into this research. Second, high-accuracy air quality monitoring stations as well as gas sensors are modeled into the CPEP. Third, simplified data analysis on the regularly discharging of chemical plants is utilized to construct the CPEP. Finally, an illustrative case study is used to investigate the effectiveness of the CPEP Game, and a realistic case study is conducted to illustrate how the models and algorithms being proposed in this paper, work. Results show that playing a CPEP Game can reduce operational costs of high-accuracy air quality monitoring stations; moreover, playing the game leads to more compliance from the chemical plants towards the inspection agencies.

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“…Inherent safety measures are effective at the design stage and may constitute an optimal strategy to limit the occurrence of domino effects, for example, through appropriate ranking of equipment and layout definition . Nevertheless, for existing industrial facilities, equipment replacement or layout modification is not easily achievable due to relevant cost and space constraints, especially in industrial clusters …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Graph Theory to Cost‐Effective Fire Protection of Chemical Plants During Domino Effects

2016

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In the present study, we have introduced a methodology based on graph theory and multicriteria decision analysis for cost‐effective fire protection of chemical plants subject to fire‐induced domino effects. By modeling domino effects in chemical plants as a directed graph, the graph centrality measures such as out‐closeness and betweenness scores can be used to identify the installations playing a key role in initiating and propagating potential domino effects. It is demonstrated that active fire protection of installations with the highest out‐closeness score and passive fire protection of installations with the highest betweenness score are the most effective strategies for reducing the vulnerability of chemical plants to fire‐induced domino effects. We have employed a dynamic graph analysis to investigate the impact of both the availability and the degradation of fire protection measures over time on the vulnerability of chemical plants. The results obtained from the graph analysis can further be prioritized using multicriteria decision analysis techniques such as the method of reference point to find the most cost‐effective fire protection strategy.

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A sequential-move game for enhancing safety and security cooperation within chemical clusters

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

An emergency response decision matrix against terrorist attacks with improvised device in chemical clusters

An emergency response decision matrix against terrorist attacks with improvised device in chemical clusters

Playing Chemical Plant Environmental Protection Games with Historical Monitoring Data

Application of Graph Theory to Cost‐Effective Fire Protection of Chemical Plants During Domino Effects

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