A sharp peak in the performance of sputtered platinum fuel cells at ultra-low platinum loading

O’Hayre, Ryan; Lee, Sang Joon John; Cha, Sungdeok; Prinz, Fritz B.

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(02)00238-0

Cited by 236 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It could be noted that a highly porous, well-made MEA electrode may have an active surface area that is several orders of magnitude larger than its geometric area (O'Hayre et al, 2002). This could be expressed as the ECSA.…”

Section: Electrochemically Active Surface Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltammetric Characterization Methods for the PEM Evaluation of Catalysts

Gouws¹

2012

Electrolysis

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Section: Electrochemically Active Surface Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltammetric Characterization Methods for the PEM Evaluation of Catalysts

Gouws¹

2012

Electrolysis

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“…The SEM image shows that the platinum and iridium were successfully deposited onto the support with a nanometer size diameter. Small active metal size is important because the materials can be dispersed more evenly on the Vulcan XG72 carbon and thus more active sites will be available for the H 2 oxidation and O 2 reduction reactions in the MEA [4]. More available active sites due to dispersion will also allow for better CO tolerance of the fuel cell.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of CO- and H2S-Tolerant Electrocatalysts for PEM Fuel Cell

Ilias¹

2006

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The present state-of-art Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) technology is based on platinum (Pt) as a catalyst for both the fuel (anode) and air (cathode) electrodes. This catalyst is highly active but susceptible to poisoning by CO, which may be present in the H 2 -fuel used or may be introduced during the fuel processing. Presence of trace amount of CO and H 2 S in the H 2 -fuel poisons the anode irreversibly and decreases the performance of the PEMFCs. In an effort to reduce the Pt-loading and improve the PEMFC performance, we propose to synthesize a number of Pt-based binary, ternary, and quaternary electrocatalysts using Ru, Mo, Ir, Ni, and Co as a substitute for Pt. By fine-tuning the metal loadings and compositions of candidate electrocatalysts, we plan to minimize the cost and optimize the catalyst activity and performance in PEMFC. The feasibility of the novel electrocatalysts will be demonstrated in the proposed effort with gas phase CO and H 2 S concentrations typical of those found in reformed fuel gas with coal/natural gas/methanol feedstocks.In this work binary, ternary, and quaternary platinum-based electrocatalysts were synthesized for the purpose of lowering the cost and increasing the CO tolerance of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in the fuel cell. The metals Ru, Mo, W, Ir, Co and Se were alloyed with platinum on a carbon support using a modified reduction method. These catalysts were fabricated into MEAs and evaluated for electrical performance and CO tolerance with polarization experiments. The quaternary system Pt/Ru/Mo/Ir system is the most CO tolerant in the PEMFC and has a low total metal loading of 0.4 mg/cm 2 in the electrode of the cell.iv

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“…However, in these processes, Nafion membrane has to be temporarily changed to Na þ form to avoid swelling during the hot-press transferprinting and Nafion membrane in Na þ form possesses higher mechanical strength and temperature range [7]. Other techniques widely used in manufacturing of PEM MEA and promising candidates in the URFC field are screen printing, chemical reduction methods, impregnation techniques and sputter deposition [6,[8][9][10][11] but these methods need to be developed further to make hydrogen energy systems, based on PEM technology, realistic contestants to modern-day batteries.…”

Section: Fig 1 Concept Of Unitised Regenerative Fuel Cell (Urfc) Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of bifunctional membrane electrode assemblies for unitised regenerative polymer electrolyte fuel cells

2006

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Bifunctional membrane electrode assemblies have been fabricated using a screen printing technique, which demonstrate a repeatable and stable operation to cell current and voltages. This approach lends itself to a rapid, low-cost and repeatable fabrication process for bifunctional catalytic electrodes in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells and electrolysers.Introduction: The conversion and storage of energy with a high efficiency, especially a high specific energy, will be an important factor in future energy storage technologies. The relatively simple possibility to store hydrogen and oxygen with high specific energy combined with high energy conversion efficiency in fuel cells and electrolyser presents an opportunity for the use of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) unitised regenerative fuel cell systems (URFCs) as energy storage devices [1,2]. A URFC is an electrochemical cell working both as a fuel cell and as a water electrolyser (see Fig. 1).

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A sharp peak in the performance of sputtered platinum fuel cells at ultra-low platinum loading

Cited by 236 publications

References 15 publications

Voltammetric Characterization Methods for the PEM Evaluation of Catalysts

Voltammetric Characterization Methods for the PEM Evaluation of Catalysts

Synthesis and Characterization of CO- and H2S-Tolerant Electrocatalysts for PEM Fuel Cell

Fabrication of bifunctional membrane electrode assemblies for unitised regenerative polymer electrolyte fuel cells

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