1971
DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(71)90097-6
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A shellfish-borne cholera outbreak in Malaysia

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Cited by 42 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…Within each biotype two major serotypes exist, Ogawa and Inaba. Humans are the only known natural hosts of V. cholerae 01 infection, and in nature they usually ingest these organisms by means of contaminated water (21,186,252) or food (typically seafood) (13,22,73,267,277,344). The probable inoculum size in nature is believed to be 102 to 103 organisms (364).…”
Section: Choleramentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Within each biotype two major serotypes exist, Ogawa and Inaba. Humans are the only known natural hosts of V. cholerae 01 infection, and in nature they usually ingest these organisms by means of contaminated water (21,186,252) or food (typically seafood) (13,22,73,267,277,344). The probable inoculum size in nature is believed to be 102 to 103 organisms (364).…”
Section: Choleramentioning
confidence: 99%
“…than 1 (non-Ol or nonagglutinable [NAG] V. cholerae) in human disease is much less clear. Non-Ol strains have been implicated in outbreaks of foodborne disease (6,7), isolated from as many as 13% of patients with cholera-like disease during cholera epidemics (8)(9)(10), and identified in stool samples from patients with gastroenteritis in Asia (1 1, 12), Africa (1 3j, Europe (14), Australia, and North (15,16) and South (17) America. They are also ul.iquitous in estuarine environments (including bays and estuaries of the U. S. Gulf, Atlantic, and Pacific coasts) and commonly are isolated from shellfish: a study conducted by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration found non-01 V. cholerae in up to 37% of U. S. oyster lots harvested during warm, summer months (18).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Shellfish contamination with pathogenic microorganisms, mainly Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, and hepatites virus type A, have been extensively reported in the literature (Andrews et a1.,1975;Gelli et al, 1976Gelli et al, , 1979Gerba and Goyal, 1978;Joseph et a1.,1982;Slanetz, 1968;Twedt et al, 1981;West, 1989;Wood, 1976) and these contaminated bivalve molluscs have been involved with gastroenteritis outbreaks in several countries (Baine, 1974;Blake et al, 1978;Dutt et al, 1971;Gottfried et al, 1987;Levin, 1978;Merson et al, 1976;Portnoy et al, 1975).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%