New knowledge on pathogenesis of bacterial enteric infections as applied to vaccine development.

Levine, M. M.; Kaper, James B.; Black, Robert E.; Clements, M L

doi:10.1128/mmbr.47.4.510-550.1983

Cited by 413 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 214 publications

(333 reference statements)

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“…Variation in results of biotype IV of the present study and biotype 3 of Johan et al (1988) might be the result of differences in sample size and animal species studied. These results were also in agreement with Levine et al (1983) who stated that a given strain from diarrheic rabbit (that fermented dulcitol, rhamnose and xylose and assigned as biotype 6) isolated at the rate of 17.6 % was able to induce watery diarrhea and high mortality after experimental infection. This was in consistent with biotype VIII (20.3 %) of the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The most abundant E. coli biotypes from calf diarrhea, namely, biotypes III, VIII, V, IV, and I, constituted the majority of the isolates (87.7 %). Furthermore, literature search showed that Gargan et al (1982), Levine et al (1983) and Johan et al (1988) have used similar sugars like this study for biotyping; they also reported the pathotype strains of their biotypes. Accordingly, by comparison with their data, the biotypes III, IVand VII, and VIII of the current study could possibly be entherotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and adhesion and effacing E. coli (AEEC) strains (Table 4).…”

Section: Types and Relative Abundance Of E Coli Biotypes In Calvesmentioning

confidence: 62%

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Characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from calf diarrhea in and around Kombolcha, South Wollo, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Gebregiorgis

Tessema

2015

Trop Anim Health Prod

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This study was carried out from October 2012 to end of February 2013 in and around Kombolcha, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia, using a total of 201 neonatal calves aged 1 day to 4 months and suffering from diarrhea. The objectives of the study were to isolate Escherichia coli from diarrheic calves, and to determine E. coli biotypes and risk factors associated with its isolation. The fecal samples were collected, transported, and processed following standard microbiological procedures. Seventy-four isolates of E. coli were identified. Yellowish diarrhea, younger age, and low-colostrum feeding were significantly associated with rate of E. coli isolation (P < 0.05). Then the 74 isolates of E. coli were biotyped using fermentation of 9 sugars and grouped into 12 biotypes; the most dominant was biotype III (36.8 %). Finally, by comparing with studies elsewhere, from the 12 isolated biotypes, 3 of them were suggested to be enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), entherotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), and adhesion and effacing E. coli (AEEC) pathogenic strains. The present study showed that E. coli accounted for 37 % of calf diarrhea, with very diverse biotypes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Types and Relative Abundance Of E Coli Biotypes In Calvesmentioning

confidence: 62%

Characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from calf diarrhea in and around Kombolcha, South Wollo, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Gebregiorgis

Tessema

2015

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…The following methods are in use: 1. Vaccination against bacterial adhesion factors (Levine et al, 1983;Runnels et al, 1987). 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus casei upon the adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K99 to the intestinal mucosa in gnotobiotic lambs

Bomba¹,

Kravjanský²,

Kasteĺ

et al. 1997

Small Ruminant Research

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Observations were carried out of the interactions between Lactobacillus casei 294/89 and enterotoxigenic Escherichia cofi CCM 612 (OlOl:K99) in uivo. In gnotobiotic lambs, inoculation with enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) resulted in diarrhea with a typical clinical picture and patho-anatomical findings. E. coli adhered to the mucosa of the digestive tract at counts amounting to IO5 per cm2. In these lambs, disturbances of intestinal biochemical processes became evident; proteolytic enzyme activity was significantly reduced. Preventive administration of Lactobacillus cusei inhibited the negative effects of ETEC in gnotobiotic lambs, minimized the clinical signs to those of a very moderate diarrhea in the first 12 h after inoculation and significantly reduced the patho-anatomical findings. Enterotoxigenic E. coli counts decreased by 99.1 and 76% on days 2 and 4 after inoculation respectively, and amounted to lo3 per cm'. The inhibitory effects of L. casei against E. coli were most obvious in the jejunum and ileum. The numbers of adhering E. cofi increased from the duodenum with the length of the gut. ETEC counts in the digestive tract of lambs that had been preventively treated with L. casei amounted to 10' ml-'. It can be assumed that, in addition to competitive exclusion, the inhibitory effect of L. casei upon ETEC adherence was also mediated by a Lactobaciflus-produced substance that inhibited E. coli adhesion to the gut mucosa.

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“…Most infectious diseases are either restricted to the mucosal membranes or the etiologic agents need to transit the mucosa during the early steps of the infection [1]. There-fore, it is desirable to obtain a local mucosal immune response as a result of vaccination to block both infection (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of immune responses following antigen administration by mucosal route

Medina

2000

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology

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Most microbial infections are either restricted to the mucosal membranes or the etiologic agents needed to transit the mucosa. Thus, it is desirable to stimulate a mucosal response following vaccination, to block both infection and disease development. Attenuated vaccine carriers mimic natural infections, triggering also mucosal responses. Similar results can be achieved by administering antigens with appropriate adjuvants. However, the delivery of antigens per se is not sufficient to engender a protective response. A successful immunization requires the elicitation of an appropriate type of immune response (e.g. antibodies vs. cell-mediated immunity, Th1 vs. Th2 helper pattern). Therefore, a successful vaccination strategy demands the choice of adequate antigens, and their appropriate delivery and/or formulation to promote the required quality of immune response. Different strategies to optimize the immune responses elicited following vaccine administration by the mucosal route are discussed.

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New knowledge on pathogenesis of bacterial enteric infections as applied to vaccine development.

Cited by 413 publications

References 214 publications

Characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from calf diarrhea in and around Kombolcha, South Wollo, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from calf diarrhea in and around Kombolcha, South Wollo, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus casei upon the adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K99 to the intestinal mucosa in gnotobiotic lambs

Modulation of immune responses following antigen administration by mucosal route

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