A Ship Rain Gauge for Use in High Wind Speeds

Hasse, Lutz; Grossklaus, Martin; Uhlig, Klaus; Timm, Peter R.

doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1998)015<0380:asrgfu>2.0.co;2

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The 1995 to 1997 data were collected on the German ship R/V Meteor using a ship rain gauge (SRG, Hasse et al, 1998), on board the German R/V Polarstern, the US R/V Knorr and the US R/V Ron Brown using optical disdrometers (ODM 470, Großklaus et al, 1998). During this period the ODM 470s were coupled with opto-electronic infrared rain sensors, switching the sensors on with the onset of precipitation and switching them off about 30 min after the last precipitation occurrence.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

HOAPS and ERA-Interim precipitation over the sea: validation against shipboard in situ measurements

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The satellite-derived HOAPS (Hamburg OceanAtmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite Data) and ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) ERA-Interim reanalysis data sets have been validated against in situ precipitation measurements from ship rain gauges and optical disdrometers over the open ocean by applying a statistical analysis for binary estimates. For this purpose collocated pairs of data were merged within a certain temporal and spatial threshold into single events, according to the satellites' overpass, the observation and the ERAInterim times. HOAPS detects the frequency of precipitation well, while ERA-Interim strongly overestimates it, especially in the tropics and subtropics. Although precipitation rates are difficult to compare because along-track point measurements are collocated with areal estimates and the number of available data are limited, we find that HOAPS underestimates precipitation rates, while ERA-Interim's Atlantic-wide average precipitation rate is close to measurements. However, when regionally averaged over latitudinal belts, deviations between the observed mean precipitation rates and ERAInterim exist. The most obvious ERA-Interim feature is an overestimation of precipitation in the area of the intertropical convergence zone and the southern subtropics over the Atlantic Ocean. For a limited number of snow measurements by optical disdrometers, it can be concluded that both HOAPS and ERA-Interim are suitable for detecting the occurrence of solid precipitation.

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

HOAPS and ERA-Interim precipitation over the sea: validation against shipboard in situ measurements

et al. 2016

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“…Another recent design of raingauge for use on ships is described by Hasse et al (1998) and this was tested by Yuter and Parker (2001). It is based roughly on the FSG, but modified to have an inward-sloping top (which goes rather against the 'vertical sharp edge' philosophy of the Folland shape).…”

Section: Measuring Precipitation Over the Oceansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving precipitation measurement

Strangeways¹

2004

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Although rainfall has been measured for centuries scientifically and in isolated brief episodes over millennia for agriculture, it is still not measured adequately even today for climatology, water resources, and other precise applications. This paper outlines the history of raingauges, their errors, and describes the field testing over 3 years of a 'first guess' design for an aerodynamic rain collector proposed by Folland in 1988. Although shown to have aerodynamic advantage over a standard 5 gauge, the new rain collector was found to suffer from outsplash in heavy rain. To study this problem, and to derive general basic design rules for aerodynamic gauges, its performance was investigated in turbulent, real-world conditions rather than in the controlled and simplified environment of a wind tunnel or mathematical model as in the past. To do this, video records were made using thread tracers to indicate the path of the wind, giving new insight into the complex flow of natural wind around and within raingauges. A new design resulted, and 2 years of field testing have shown that the new gauge has good aerodynamic and evaporative characteristics and minimal outsplash, offering the potential for improved precipitation measurement.

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“…The ship rain gauge [14] is commercially available from Eigenbrodt Environmental Measurement Systems near Hamburg, Germany. An outstanding feature of the ship rain gauge is an additional lateral collector, which is especially effective under high wind speed conditions.…”

Section: Ship Rain Gauge Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of ERA-Interim Precipitation Estimates over the Baltic Sea

Bumke

2016

Atmosphere

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European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim reanalysis total precipitation estimates are validated against ten years of in situ precipitation measurements onboard of ships over the Baltic Sea. A statistical analysis for binary forecasts and mean rain rates derived from all data show a good agreement with observations. However, a closer look reveals an underestimation of ERA-Interim total precipitation in spring and an overestimation in autumn, obviously related to stability. Deriving stability and evaporation by a bulk flux scheme it could be shown, in fact, that ERA-Interim underestimates precipitation for conditions with low evaporation and strongly overestimates it for conditions with high evaporation. Since ERA-Interim surface fields become too dry with increasing evaporation compared to independent synoptic ship observations, uncertainties in the ECMWF convection scheme may possibly cause these biases in seasonal precipitation.

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A Ship Rain Gauge for Use in High Wind Speeds

Cited by 37 publications

References 6 publications

HOAPS and ERA-Interim precipitation over the sea: validation against shipboard in situ measurements

HOAPS and ERA-Interim precipitation over the sea: validation against shipboard in situ measurements

Improving precipitation measurement

Validation of ERA-Interim Precipitation Estimates over the Baltic Sea

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