A Short Overview of Changes in Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in Response to Physical Activity and Antioxidant Supplementation

Taherkhani, Shima; Castell, L M

doi:10.3390/antiox9090886

Cited by 51 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(157 reference statements)

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“…Effect of exercise on pro-inflammatory cytokines has been inconsistent. The different reasons include health status, age, sex, disease, type of exercise, duration and intensity of exercise [ 38 ]. Changes in the level of inflammatory markers due to physical activity promotion are directly proportional to the mode, duration and intensity of an activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of physical activity promotion on adiponectin, leptin and other inflammatory markers in prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

et al. 2020

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Aims Inflammatory stage in prediabetes is associated with increase in level of adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Physical activity promotion considered as a first-line therapeutic strategy to treat prediabetes. We have conducted the systematic review and meta-analysis to strengthen the evidence on the impact of physical activity promotion on inflammatory markers in prediabetes. Methods Studies were identified using electronic search and manual search techniques by choosing keywords for prediabetes, physical activity and inflammatory marker. Randomized controlled trials on individuals diagnosed with prediabetes and provided intervention in the form of physical activity were included in this review. Adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α were the considered outcome measures. Results Our search retrieved 1,688 citations, 31 full-text articles assessed for eligibility of inclusion. Nine studies satisfied the pre-specified criteria for inclusion. Meta-analysis found that physical activity with or without dietary or lifestyle modification reduces level of leptin (MD−2.11 ng/mL, 95% CI −3.81 – −0.42) and interleukin-6 (MD −0.15 pg/mL, 95% CI −0.25–−0.04). It has no effect on level of adiponectin (MD 0.26 µg/mL, 95% CI −0.42– 0.93), C-reactive protein (MD −0.05 mg/L, 95% CI −0.33–0.23) and tumour necrosis factor-α (MD 0.67 pg/mL, 95% CI −2.56–3.89). Conclusions This review suggests that physical activity promotion with dietary and lifestyle modification may reduce the level of leptin and interleukin-6 but are uncertain if there is any effect on levels of adiponectin, C-reactive protein and tumour necrosis factor-α in the individuals with prediabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of physical activity promotion on adiponectin, leptin and other inflammatory markers in prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

et al. 2020

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“…Since the discovery of ROS in 1970, most tissues in the body have been found to be affected by these reactive species, including cellular redox imbalance, OS, and cell dysfunction. ROS’s breakdown and production imbalance cause OS to alter cell function by damaging various molecules in the body [ 18 , 19 ]. In addition to ROS, other reactive species such as reactive nitrogen (RNS) and sulfur species (RSS) are also known as free radicals, although they are not derived from O 2 [ 20 ].…”

Section: Overview Of Rosmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Overview of Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue with a Therapeutic Approach to Taking Antioxidant Supplements

Taherkhani

Ruhee

2021

Antioxidants

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One of the leading causes of obesity associated with oxidative stress (OS) is excessive consumption of nutrients, especially fast-foods, and a sedentary lifestyle, characterized by the ample accumulation of lipid in adipose tissue (AT). When the body needs energy, the lipid is broken down into glycerol (G) and free fatty acids (FFA) during the lipolysis process and transferred to various tissues in the body. Materials secreted from AT, especially adipocytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), are impressive in causing inflammation and OS of AT. There are several ways to improve obesity, but researchers have highly regarded the use of antioxidant supplements due to their neutralizing properties in removing ROS. In this review, we have examined the AT response to OS to antioxidant supplements focusing on animal studies. The results are inconsistent due to differences in the study duration and diversity in animals (strain, age, and sex). Therefore, there is a need for different studies, especially in humans.

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“…The immune response mounted to an ongoing infection may be divided into two components: the proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL1β; and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL11 [ 87 , 88 , 89 ]. These immune modulators are capable of altering bone homeostasis by acting on bone cells.…”

Section: Indirect Effects Of Infection On Bone Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Crossroads between Infection and Bone Loss

Oliveira

Gomes

2020

Microorganisms

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Bone homeostasis, based on a tight balance between bone formation and bone degradation, is affected by infection. On one hand, some invading pathogens are capable of directly colonizing the bone, leading to its destruction. On the other hand, immune mediators produced in response to infection may dysregulate the deposition of mineral matrix by osteoblasts and/or the resorption of bone by osteoclasts. Therefore, bone loss pathologies may develop in response to infection, and their detection and treatment are challenging. Possible biomarkers of impaired bone metabolism during chronic infection need to be identified to improve the diagnosis and management of infection-associated osteopenia. Further understanding of the impact of infections on bone metabolism is imperative for the early detection, prevention, and/or reversion of bone loss. Here, we review the mechanisms responsible for bone loss as a direct and/or indirect consequence of infection.

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A Short Overview of Changes in Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in Response to Physical Activity and Antioxidant Supplementation

Cited by 51 publications

References 123 publications

Effect of physical activity promotion on adiponectin, leptin and other inflammatory markers in prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Effect of physical activity promotion on adiponectin, leptin and other inflammatory markers in prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

A Brief Overview of Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue with a Therapeutic Approach to Taking Antioxidant Supplements

The Crossroads between Infection and Bone Loss

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