A simple and reliable refractometric method to determine the total solids concentration of the cervico-vaginal bovine mucus samples

Abstract

Cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) is a viscoelastic substance continuously produced by secretory cells of the endocervix and the vagina of cows. Its physicochemical composition varies depending on the hormonal status of the estrous cycle. In veterinary medicine refractometry is a widely diffused technique to determine total solids (TS) content of biological samples, but there are not published data of CVM total solids from refractometric measures. Refractometric TS determination contributes to the qualitative constituents analysis of CVM, additionally it is an easier and more inexpensive technique than gravimetric TS determination. The main goal of the present paper was to validate a refractometric method to estimate TS concentration of the soluble fraction of CVM samples. Samples were collected from seventy-three Holando Argentino cows of Santa Fe province farms in Argentina. Cows were classified in three experimental groups: healthy, subclinical (SE) and clinical endometritis (CE) group. To achieve a solubilisation protocol for CVM samples, four Triton™ X-100 concentrations were tested. Refractive index (RI) and gravimetric total solid (gTS) concentration of solubilised samples were determined for the three experimental groups. A mathematical equation was determined with the experimental data from the healthy group, in order to obtain calculated total solid concentration (cTS) from refractivity (R) values. To validate the RI method for CVM samples, cTS concentrations were compared with gTS concentrations from endometritis group samples. Triton™ X-100 0.01% (V/V) improved CVM samples handling and did not change physicochemical parameters (gTS, Na þ and K þ concentration, and RI values). The linear regression equation obtained was: cTS (g/ dL) ¼ (R -0.67)/16.2, r 2 ¼ 0.91. Correlation between gTS and cTS concentration was: r ¼ 0.97 for SE group and r ¼ 0.97 for CE group. The homogenization protocol allowed the measurement of physicochemical parameters without altering their values. A high correlation coefficient between cTS and gTS postulates refractometry as an accurate method to determine TS concentration for solubilised CVM samples.

Exosomal miRNAs from maternal vaginal discharge as biomarkers for preterm labor: non-invasive liquid biopsy

“…It is consistently generated by secretory cells in the endocervix and the anterior vaginal epithelium. This mucus protects the female reproductive tract, ensuring the moisture and lubrication of epithelial surfaces to safeguard against potential threats [37][38][39] . Despite regular exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, the female genital tract maintains a relatively low incidence of infection, underscoring the presence of numerous defense mechanisms 40,41 .…”