A Simple and Universal Method for Molecular Sexing of Non-Ratite Birds

Fridolfsson, Anna‐Karin; Ellegren, Hans

doi:10.2307/3677252

Cited by 1,621 publications

(1,280 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Chicks tested on day 5 were fed from day 2 with a mixture of baby food (3 ml) and powdered milk (1 ml) per day, which was supplied to the crop directly with a syringe, in a dark room. After the experiment, feathers and blood were sampled to determine sex, based on the CHD genes of sex chromosomes (Fridolfsson & Ellegren, 1999). All experiments were conducted in accord with the guidelines and approval of the Committee on Animal Experiments of Hokkaido University.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preference for biological motion in domestic chicks: sex-dependent effect of early visual experience

Miura

Matsushima

2012

Anim Cogn

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To examine the effects of early visual experience on preference for biological motion, newly-hatched chicks were exposed to a point-light animation (a visual stimulus composed of identical light-points) depicting features of a hen; a walking hen (a biological motion stimulus), a rotating hen (a non-biological motion stimulus), a pendulum stimulus, a random motion stimulus and a stationary pattern. Chicks were then tested in a binary choice task, choosing between walking-hen and rotating-hen stimuli. Males exhibited a preference for biological motion if they had been trained with any animation except the stationary pattern stimulus, suggesting that the biological motion preference was not learned, but induced by motion stimuli. We found a significant positive correlation between the number of approaches in training and the preference in the test, but locomotion alone did not cause preference to biological motion. In contrast, females exhibited a particularly strong preference for walking-hen stimuli, but only when they had been trained with it. Furthermore, females (but not males) trained with random motion showed a preference for walking-hen over walking-cat (a biological-motion animation depicting a cat), possibly suggesting that females are choosier than males. Chicks trained with a stationary pattern and untrained controls did not show a significant preference. The induction of biological motion preference is discussed in terms of possible ecological background of the sex differences.3

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preference for biological motion in domestic chicks: sex-dependent effect of early visual experience

Miura

Matsushima

2012

Anim Cogn

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“…Blood (ca. 50μl) was sampled through the wing vein using 25-G syringe needles, and used to verify the sex of individuals based on the CHD genes of the sex chromosomes (Fridolfsson & Ellegren 1999). Blood samples were also used for stable isotope analysis (see below for details).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympatric divergence of risk sensitivity and diet menus in three species of tit

Kawamori

Matsushima

2012

Animal Behaviour

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Divergent diet menus could cause sympatric divergence of risk sensitivity; however, evidence is not yet available for the functional link between diet menu and risk sensitivity. We investigated risk sensitivity (measured as the discount intensity for probabilistic rewards) and diet menu (insectivory and granivory) among three sympatric species of tits (family Paridae): varied tits, Poecile varius, marsh tits, Poecile palustris, and great tits, Parus major, which form mixed-species foraging flocks in Japan. Binary choice tests, offering rewards of differing amount and probability, were conducted in the laboratory. Great tits and marsh tits were found to be risk prone (and more insectivorous), whereas varied tits were risk averse (and more granivorous). Diet menus were examined in the laboratory using behavioural titration tests between sunflower seeds and mealworms. The results of these tests were similar to patterns of food exploitation determined using stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N contents) of blood samples from birds collected in the wild. Possibly, the dominant varied tits drove the other two species of tits towards different diet menus and unusually high risk proneness. In future, we should examine whether different interspecies interactions cause different risk sensitivity in other geographical environments

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“…At age 14 days, feather samples were collected from nestlings for spectrophotometric plumage analysis. At day 8, a blood sample was collected, and we determined the sex of all young genetically using primers designed to amplify the sex-specific locus (Fridolfsson and Ellegren 1999).…”

Section: Field Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of rearing environment on blue structural coloration of eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis)

Siefferman

Hill

2007

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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We used a brood-size manipulation to test the effect of rearing environment on structural coloration of feathers grown by eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis) nestlings. Ultraviolet (UV)-blue structural coloration has been shown to be sexually selected in this species. Our experimental design took advantage of the growth of UV-blue wing feathers in nestlings that are retained as part of the first nuptial plumage. We cross-fostered nestlings to create enlarged and reduced broods with the purpose of manipulating parental feeding rates and measured the effect on nestling growth and plumage coloration. Brood size influenced feeding rates to offspring, but the effect varied with season. In general, male nestlings reared in reduced broods were fed more often, weighed more, and displayed brighter structural plumage compared to nestlings reared in enlarged broods. Female nestlings appeared to experience less adverse affects of brood enlargement, and we did not detect an effect of brood-size manipulation on the plumage coloration of female nestlings. Measures of plumage coloration in both males and females, however, were correlated to hatching date and nestling mass during feather development. These data provide empirical evidence that environmental quality can influence the development of the blue structural coloration of feathers and that males may be more sensitive to environmental fluctuations than females.

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A Simple and Universal Method for Molecular Sexing of Non-Ratite Birds

Cited by 1,621 publications

References 27 publications

Preference for biological motion in domestic chicks: sex-dependent effect of early visual experience

Preference for biological motion in domestic chicks: sex-dependent effect of early visual experience

Sympatric divergence of risk sensitivity and diet menus in three species of tit

The effect of rearing environment on blue structural coloration of eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis)

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