A simple approach to fabricate morphological gradient on polymer surfaces

Self-assembly of colloidal spheres and application as solvent responding polymer film

“…It also demonstrated that the reflection contrast or peak height on BSB was higher than that on glass substrates. According to the literature [37], the higher the peak height, the more vivid the visible colors are. So the response color on BSB was more vivid.…”

“…Wang et al [32] fabricated a humidity sensor film by infiltrating acrylamide (AAm) solution into a P(St-MMA-AA) PC template and subsequently photo-polymerizing. Wu et al [33] fabricated a reversible solvatochrom-responsive polymer film just by casting the dispersions of soft polymer onto the glass substrate and drying at room temperature based on film formations of soft polymer spheres [34][35][36][37][38][39]. Though the above works were truly simple, it was mainly carried on glass substrates.…”

Surface-Bound Gradients for Studies of Soft Materials Behavior

“…Surfaces with position-dependent variation of topography/roughness have also been fabricated. The methods utilized in the preparation of such structures have employed the selective removal of one chemical component from multicomponent chemically modulated surfaces (40), chemical polishing of roughened metal supports by immersing the specimens vertically into a solution of an etchant (Figure 3a) (41), sintering of porous substrates (42), position-dependent melting of close-packed assemblies of soft nanospheres (Figure 3b) (43), and other techniques (44)(45)(46)(47). Researchers have also developed methods that involve phase separation of immiscible polymer films cast onto surface-gradient substrates (48), sequential positiondependent deposition of nanoparticle layers (Figure 3c) (49), electrochemical deposition of metals (Figure 3d ) (50), and photolithography-assisted molding or pillars and holes (Figure 3e) (51), among others (52).…”

Tolerance of β‐diketone hydrolases as representatives of the crotonase superfamily towards organic solvents

“…Some of these chemical gradients are limited in their long‐term stability due to the use of materials such as SAMs of alkanethiols which are easily oxidized or by use of physically adsorbed ligands which results in desorption of the ligands over time. In addition to chemical gradients, morphological roughness gradients have also been generated 102–104. For the purpose of this review we will focus on methods for generating immobilized chemical, microfluidic, plasma polymer, morphological, and hydrogel gradients for biological applications.…”