A Simple Genotyping Method for Rapid Differentiation of Blastocystis Subtypes and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis spp. in Thailand

Srichaipon, Nittaya; Nuchprayoon, Surang; Charuchaibovorn, Sarit; Sukkapan, P.; Sanprasert, Vivornpun

doi:10.3390/pathogens8010038

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Our finding that ST3 was the predominant Blastocystis subtype was similar to the results of previously reported studies in Thailand [24,42,46,47] and other countries such as Japan, Bangladesh, Pakistan [38], and China [48]. Contrarily, other studies found that Blastocystis ST1 was the most predominant subtype [49,50].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis Infection in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Thailand

Popruk

Prasongwattana²,

Mahittikorn

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global public health problem with an increasing prevalence. DM increases the risk of infections caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. We examined the prevalence, subtypes, and risk factors of Blastocystis infection in patients with and without DM in central Thailand. Stool samples and questionnaires were obtained from 130 people in the DM group and 100 people in the non-DM group. Blastocystis infection was identified via a nested polymerase chain reaction and subtyped via sequencing of the partial small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. Analysis of potential risk factors was conducted via binary logistic regression. The overall prevalence of Blastocystis infection was 10.8%, including rates of 9% and 12.3% in the non-DM and DM groups, respectively. The most prevalent subtype was ST3, followed by ST1, and ST4. Factors that potentially increased the risk of Blastocystis infection include patients being >65 years old, the presence of DM, a DM duration of ≥10 years, a low level of education, and animal ownership. In conclusion, this is the first study of Blastocystis infection in DM, and a high prevalence was found among this population. Therefore, health education promoting sanitation and hygiene is necessary to reduce and prevent infection in the community.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis Infection in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Thailand

Popruk

Prasongwattana²,

Mahittikorn

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…However, ST3 was not the most common subtype in the Indigenous Tapirapé ethnic group in Brazil, which was considered to be related to little contact between indigenous groups and people in other communities [20]. In the present study, three subtypes (ST1, ST3 and ST4) were identified in two ethnic groups, and ST3 was the most common in Yao people (8/12, 66.67%) and in Wa people (5/10, 50%), which was similar to findings previously reported in almost all the studies in China (Table 4) [18,19,41,49,50,[53][54][55][56][57], and in some studies in a nearby country (Thailand) [25,28,37,52]. Minor subtypes (ST5-ST9 and ST12) that are only very rarely found in humans also show differences in geographical distribution.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in ethnic minority groups on both sides of the China–Myanmar border, and assessment of risk factors

Gong¹,

Liu²,

Wu³

et al. 2019

Parasite

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Blastocystis is one of the most common intestinal parasites in humans worldwide. To understand its prevalence and to explore the risk factors for Blastocystis in humans in developing countries, a molecular epidemiological investigation of Blastocystis was conducted in ethnic minority groups on both sides of the China–Myanmar border. A total of 461 fecal specimens were collected from 289 Yao people in China and 172 Wa people in Myanmar, together with a questionnaire for each participant. Based on sequence analysis of the partial small subunit of ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene (barcode region or 260 bp region), an average prevalence of 6.29% (29/461) was observed, with 4.50% (13/289) in Yao people and 9.30% (16/172) in Wa people. Twenty-two Blastocystis isolates were successfully subtyped by sequence analysis of the barcode region. Three subtypes were identified: ST1 (n = 7), ST3 (n = 13) and ST4 (n = 2). A statistical difference in the prevalence of Blastocystis was only observed between children (12.37%, 12/97) and adults (4.95%, 16/323), and between not washing hands (11.02%, 14/127) and washing hands (4.76%, 15/315) after using toilets, emphasizing the importance and necessity of health education in people in the investigated areas, especially in children.

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“…To date, several methods based on specific primers for determining subtypes of Blastocystis sp. have been developed [ 60 , 70 , 111 – 115 ]. However, only a few of these methods can be used to determine mixed subtypes [ 111 , 113 , 115 , 116 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of neglected protists Blastocystis sp. and Dientamoeba fragilis in immunocompetent and immunodeficient diarrheal patients using both conventional and molecular methods

et al. 2021

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Introduction The clinical significance of Blastocystis sp. and Dientamoeba fragilis in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms is a controversial issue. Since the pathogenicity of these protists has not been fully elucidated, testing for these organisms is not routinely pursued by most laboratories and clinicians. Thus, the prevalence of these organisms and the subtypes of Blastocystis sp. in human patients in Turkey are not well characterized. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis in the diarrheic stool samples of immunodeficient and immunocompetent patients using conventional and molecular methods and to identify Blastocystis sp. subtypes using next generation sequencing. Material and methods Individual stool specimens were collected from 245 immunodeficient and 193 immunocompetent diarrheic patients between March 2017 and December 2019 at the Gazi University Training and Research Hospital in Ankara, Turkey. Samples were screened for Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis by conventional and molecular methods. Molecular detection of both protists was achieved by separate qPCRs targeting a partial fragment of the SSU rRNA gene. Next generation sequencing was used to identify Blastocystis sp. subtypes. Results The prevalence of Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis was 16.7% and 11.9%, respectively as measured by qPCR. The prevalence of Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis was lower in immunodeficient patients (12.7% and 10.6%, respectively) compared to immunocompetent patients (21.8% and 13.5%, respectively). Five Blastocystis sp. subtypes were identified and the following subtype distribution was observed: ST3 54.4% (n = 37), ST2 16.2% (n = 11), ST1 4.4% (n = 3), ST6 2.9% (n = 2), ST4 1.5% (n = 1), ST2/ST3 11.8% (n = 8) and ST1/ST3 8.8% (n = 6). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of Blastocystis sp. subtypes between immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients. Conclusion and recommendation Our findings demonstrated that Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis are commonly present in immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients with diarrhea. This study is the first to use next generation sequencing to address the presence of Blastocystis sp. mixed subtypes and intra-subtype variability in clinical samples in Turkey.

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A Simple Genotyping Method for Rapid Differentiation of Blastocystis Subtypes and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis spp. in Thailand

Cited by 11 publications

References 56 publications

Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis Infection in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Thailand

Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis Infection in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Thailand

Prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in ethnic minority groups on both sides of the China–Myanmar border, and assessment of risk factors

Investigation of neglected protists Blastocystis sp. and Dientamoeba fragilis in immunocompetent and immunodeficient diarrheal patients using both conventional and molecular methods

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