A Simple Graphene Functionalized Electrochemical Aptasensor for the Sensitive and Selective Detection of Glycated Albumin

Abstract

Glycated albumin (GA) has been previously introduced as a promising biomarker for glycemic monitoring in diabetes patients with thalassemia. In this study, a label-free graphene oxide (GO)-modified aptasensor was developed for the rapid detection of GA. The fabrication of the aptasensor was dependent on the covalent interaction of the amine-functionalized GA-specific aptamer with the carboxylic groups of GO. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) analysis was carried out for the measurement of GA-aptamer binding to their specific proteins. The peak current changes before and after incubation with GA protein were directly proportional to the concentration. The developed aptasensor exhibited a broad linearity (1–10,000 µg mL−1), a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.031 µg mL−1, and high selectivity for GA detection. In addition, the aptasensor was successfully applied to detect GA in both spiked and clinical serum samples. The comparison of the developed method with a commercial assay validated the reliability of the aptasensor for clinical application. Therefore, the newly developed aptasensor is a promising tool for GA measurements in diabetic patients with underlying thalassemia.

Polydopamine Nanoparticles Functionalized Electrochemical DNA Aptasensor for Serum Glycated Albumin Detection

“…The calculated LOD in this study was compared to those of the previous studies ( Table 1 ). Bunyarataphan et al and Aye et al reported the electrochemical aptasensors for GA detection with the low LOD of 3 ng mL −1 and 31 ng mL −1 , respectively [ 7 , 16 ]. However, the former sensor fabrication process involved prolonged incubation for streptavidin to be firmly immobilized on the electrode surface, which was resolved in this study with reduced fabrication time.…”

“…However, the former sensor fabrication process involved prolonged incubation for streptavidin to be firmly immobilized on the electrode surface, which was resolved in this study with reduced fabrication time. The graphene oxide (GO)-modified aptasensor presented simple and sensitive biosensing functions [ 16 ]. However, the interference with high human serum albumin (HSA) concentration limited the selectivity of the aptasensor which was surpassed in our study.…”

“…[ 14 ]. Its advantages include low immunogenicity, the ability to be immobilized on various surfaces, high-temperature resistance, similar affinities and specificities compared to antibodies, and better consistency than antibodies [ 15 , 16 ]. Therefore, we developed an aptamer-based biosensor to measure serum GA levels.…”

Structural and Dynamic Alteration of Glycated Human Serum Albumin in Schiff Base and Amadori Adducts: A Molecular Simulation Study

“…Glycated albumin has been recognized as a potential biomarker for diabetes mellitus, ,− chronic kidney diseases, − and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) . Many attempts have been made to detect the GHSA quantity. − One of the key bottlenecks for an effective GHSA detection strategy is differentiating GHSA from native HSA in a sample. Therefore, the structural and dynamic insights obtained here will benefit the design of specific and selective strategies for GHSA detection.…”

Binding of Apo and Glycated Human Serum Albumins to an Albumin-Selective Aptamer-Bound Graphene Quantum Dot Complex

“…One of the promising techniques is nanomaterial-based aptasensors due to their good selectivity and sensitivity and cost-effectiveness. − For nanomaterial-based aptasensors, a short DNA aptamer was employed as a recognition molecule to detect an analyte such as GHSA. Nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles, graphene, − and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were used as a substrate and/or a luminophore. Among nanomaterials, zero-dimensional nanosized GQDs have come into focus because of their unique photoluminescence properties, high photostability, non-toxicity, and especially more biocompatibility when compared to other nanosized materials. − The capability to be a good substrate for biomolecules and quenching agents also allows the involvement of GQDs in many disease biosensor platforms, including GHSA detection. ,,− GQDs were used in aptasensors as an aptamer linker and/or a fluorescence quencher. ,,, For fluorescent aptasensors, analyte-selective fluorescent aptamers are first adsorbed onto GQDs in a solution, resulting in fluorescence quenching.…”