A simple, low-cost instrument for electrochemiluminescence immunoassays based on a Raspberry Pi and screen-printed electrodes

Carbon-based electrochemical biosensors as diagnostic platforms for connected decentralized healthcare

“…The hybrid electrodes offered a 12 folds increase in sensitivity (47.598 μm −1 M −1 ) and a LOD of 0.1623 μM. 105 Given their improved performance, carbon-based hybrid materials have been further employed for the detection of several clinically relevant compounds such as salivary uric acid, 106 tyrosine, 107 SARS- CoV-2, 108 viruses, 109 and DNA, 110 respectively. In the same way, these materials are provided useful platforms for the detection of viruses, 111 bacteria, 112 heavy metals 113 and antimicrobial resistance (AMR).…”

A novel point-of-care diagnostic prototype system for the simultaneous electrochemiluminescent sensing of multiple traumatic brain injury biomarkers

“…Considering the quantum efficiency (QE) of the sCMOS detector (>95% at 610 nm) and the photon collection efficiency obtained from the eqn (1) (η, 19.7%), it was calculated that the sCMOS detector converts ∼18.7% of photons generated on the electrode into electrons. In the literature, there are plenty of reported miniaturized ECL systems mainly based on smartphone cameras (CMOS), [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] photo-diodes, 29,38 or photomultiplier tubes (PMT). [39][40][41][42][43] The main limitations of the smartphone cameras are the small light sensitive area and aperture, which limit the applications where ultra-low ECL signals are generated.…”