A simple low-cost polymer PLC platform for hybrid integrated transceiver modules

Leakage loss and phase variation of a buried directional coupler on a silicon substrate

“…To prevent the lightwave from leaking into the high-index substrate, a low-index film, such as SiO , is often inserted between the substrate and the cladding [7]. However, the effects of an insertion film have never been studied quantitatively.…”

“…Simulation based on the imaginary-distance BPM shows that the beat length of a directional coupler tends to increase due to the presence of the silicon substrate. Further consideration reveals that in terms of the loss reduction, the insertion of a SiO film with a 1-m thickness [7] corresponds to an increase in the distance between the core and the substrate without the SiO film by about 2 m.…”

Athermalized Polymeric Arrayed-Waveguide Grating by Partial Detachment from a Si Substrate

“…The poor thermal conductivity, in particular, can be a problem in integration of the all-polymeric AWG with other functional devices such as thermo-optic switches and laser diodes requiring a thermally conductive substrate, while there have been many demands for polymer devices to be integrated with functional devices such as dynamic optical add-drop multiplexers [11], hybrid integrated transceivers with planar light circuit platforms, and so on [12].…”