A Simple Scoring System for Clock Drawing in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease

Shua-Haim, Joshua R.; Koppuzha, G.; Gross, Joel S.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1996.tb00931.x

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Participants were asked to draw the entire face of a clock depicting the time “10 after 11” using standard instructions where the administrator did not repeat the directions. The clock drawing test was scored using a five item procedure demonstrated reliable and valid by Shua-Haim et al (34). The participant received a score of 1 if their representation fit the description of the item, or 0 if not.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and Poverty Predictors of Treatment Adherence Among People With Low-Literacy Living With HIV/AIDS

Kalichman

Grebler

2010

Psychosomatic Medicine

112

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Objective-Emotional distress is among the more common factors associated with HIV treatment adherence. Typical barriers to adherence may be overshadowed by poverty experiences in the most disadvantaged populations of people living with HIV/AIDS, such as people with lower-literacy skills.Purpose-This study examined the association of social, health and poverty-related stressors in relation to antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence in a sample of people with low-literacy living with HIV/AIDS in the southeastern US.Methods-One hundred eighty-eight men and women living with HIV/AIDS who demonstrated poor health literacy completed measures of social and health-related stress, indicators of extreme poverty as well as other factors associated with non-adherence. HIV treatment adherence was monitored prospectively using unannounced pill counts.Results-Two thirds of the sample demonstrated adherence below 85% of pills taken. Multivariable analyses showed that food insufficiency and hunger predicted ART non-adherence over and above depression, internalized stigma, substance use and HIV-related social stressors.Conclusions-Interventions for HIV treatment non-adherence with the most socially disadvantaged persons in developed countries should be re-conceptualized to directly address poverty, especially food insufficiency and hunger, as both a moral and public health imperative.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and Poverty Predictors of Treatment Adherence Among People With Low-Literacy Living With HIV/AIDS

Kalichman

Grebler

2010

Psychosomatic Medicine

112

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Correlating highly with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) 15,16 and other measures of global cognitive decline, the CDT serves as a simple and nonthreatening cognitive screen, rendering it a popular tool in both clinical and research practices. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Correlating highly with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) 15,16 and other measures of global cognitive decline, the CDT serves as a simple and nonthreatening cognitive screen, rendering it a popular tool in both clinical and research practices.…”

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confidence: 99%

Clock Drawing Errors in Dementia

Cosentino

Jefferson²,

Chute³

et al. 2004

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology

126

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Objectives:A clock drawing test scoring system is presented to explore the neuropsychological/neuroanatomic components underlying clock drawing in patients initially diagnosed with Alzheimer disease, ischemic vascular dementia associated with white matter alterations, and Parkinson disease. Methods:Fourteen clock drawing test errors were scored to create 4 clock drawing test subscales that assess different underlying cognitive operations. Results:In the command condition, errors on the Time subscale were correlated with impairment on executive control measures. In the copy condition, errors on the Perseveration/Pull to Stimulus subscale was also correlated with executive control measures. Patients presenting with mild (low) magnetic resonance imaging white matter alterations, significant (high) white matter alterations, and Parkinson disease were compared. In the command condition, the low white matter alterations group made fewer total errors than the Parkinson disease group. In the copy condition, the low white matter alterations group made fewer errors on the Time, Spatial Layout, and Perseveration/Pull to Stimulus clock drawing test subscales than the high white matter alterations or Parkinson disease groups. Few differences were noted between the high white matter alterations and Parkinson disease groups.Discussion: Our data suggest that heavy demands on executive control associated with the interruption of large-scale cortical-subcortical neural networks underlie impairment in clock drawing in mild dementia.

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“…Manos y col. 13 , empleando la misma técnica, encontraron que la prueba del reloj tenía una sensibilidad de 80% y una sensibilidad de 77%; sin embargo, el estudio incluyó solo pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer con demencia leve y con MMSE mayor de 23. La prueba del reloj, en general, con sus múltiples variantes en cuanto a su puntuación, ha sido reportado de tener un rango de sensibilidad de 48 a 94% y especificidad de 42 a 97% ( [17][18][19] ). Existen varias razones para la gran variabilidad en la sensibilidad y especificidad de la prueba del reloj; una de las principales es que existen varios sistemas de puntuación y cada uno de ellos varía en complejidad.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Evaluación de la prueba del reloj en el tamizaje de enfermedad de Alzheimer

Oscanoa

2013

An Fac med

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Resumen OBJETIVO: Examinar la capacidad discriminativa de la prueba del reloj con 10 puntos en el tamizaje de trastorno cognoscitivo por enfermedad de Alzheimer. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Evaluación de una prueba diagnóstica mediante estudio de pacientes con y sin enfermedad de Alzheimer, provenientes del Consultorio Externo del Servicio de Geriatría del Hospital Almenara, Lima, Perú. Participaron 31 pacientes (10 varones y 21 mujeres) con enfermedad de Alzheimer y 31 pacientes sin esta enfermedad (21 varones y 10 mujeres). A ambos grupos se les realizó el prueba del reloj. No hubo diferencia significativa entre la edad y grado de instrucción de ambos grupos. La gravedad de la demencia según el Clinical Dementia Ratio de Hughes fue leve en 10 (32,3%), moderada 12 (38,7%) y severa en 9 (29%). RESULTADOS: Considerando como punto de corte un valor de 6 en la prueba del reloj, se encontró una sensibilidad de 83,9%, especificidad 93,5%, valor predictivo positivo 92,9 y valor predictivo negativo 85,3%. CONCLUSIÓN: La prueba del reloj parece ser un examen simple y efectivo para la evaluación inicial de trastornos cognitivos en pacientes adultos mayores con sospecha de demencia por enfermedad de Alzheimer.

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A Simple Scoring System for Clock Drawing in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Stress and Poverty Predictors of Treatment Adherence Among People With Low-Literacy Living With HIV/AIDS

Stress and Poverty Predictors of Treatment Adherence Among People With Low-Literacy Living With HIV/AIDS

Clock Drawing Errors in Dementia

Evaluación de la prueba del reloj en el tamizaje de enfermedad de Alzheimer

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