A simple synthesis of sulfur-doped graphene using sulfur powder by chemical vapor deposition

Hassani, Fahimeh; Tavakol, Hossein; Keshavarzipour, Fariba; Javaheri, Amin

doi:10.1039/c6ra02109c

Cited by 51 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Recently, various methods have been used in the synthesis of S‐doped graphene. Sulfur atoms can be inserted into the graphene frameworks using CVD and thermal annealing of GO . The sulfur‐containing porous carbon material has been synthesized using infiltration of the carbon source into zeolite pores by means of impregnation and CVD approach .…”

Section: Heteroatom‐doped Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, different liquid organic material precursors such as hexane have been also employed in the presence of sulfur when CVD method is used together with copper substrate . Hassani et al reported a high sulfur doping level of 5% (XPS) that was grown from CVD and sulfur powder as sulfur precursor. Thus, the level of sulfur in S‐doped graphene varies with synthetic technique and sulfur‐containing precursor used.…”

Section: Heteroatom‐doped Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulfur atoms can be inserted into the graphene frameworks using CVD and thermal annealing of GO. 271 The sulfur-containing porous carbon material has been synthesized using infiltration of the carbon source into zeolite pores by means of impregnation and CVD approach. 272 Thermal treatment approach has been successfully employed in the synthesis of Sdoped graphene whereby graphene or GO is treated with sulfur dioxide, 273 benzyl disulphide, 268 hydrogen disulphide, 274 and carbon disulphide.…”

Section: Sulfur-doped Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Heteroatom-doped graphene and its application as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells

2018

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Summary The most frequently used counter electrode (CE) in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is platinum on fluorine‐doped tin oxide glass. This electrode has excellent electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and high electrocatalytic affinity for the reduction of triiodide. However, the high cost of metallic platinum and the poor electrochemical stability pose a major drawback in the commercial production. This has necessitated a search for a non‐precious metal and metal‐free electrocatalyst that demonstrates better catalytic activity and longer electrochemical stability for practical use in DSSCs. Graphene has been at the centre of attention due to its excellent optoelectronic properties. However, a defect‐free graphene sheet is not suitable as a CE in DSSCs, because of its neutral polarity which often restricts efficient charge transfer at the graphene/liquid interface, irrespective of the high in‐plane charge mobility. Hence, heteroatom‐doped graphene‐based CEs are being developed with the aim to balance electrical conductivity for efficient charge transfer and charge polarization for enhanced reduction activity of redox couples simultaneously. The elements commonly used in chemical doping of graphene are nitrogen, oxygen, boron, sulfur, and phosphorus. Halogens have also recently shown great promise. It has been demonstrated that edge‐selective heteroatom‐doping of graphene imparts both efficient in‐plane charge transfers and polarity, thereby enhancing electrocatalytic activity. Thus, heteroatom‐doped graphene serves as a good material to replace conventional electrodes and enhance power conversion efficiency in DSSCs. The focus is to reduce the cost of DSSCs. This review explores the performance of DSSCs, factors that influence the power conversion efficiency, and various physicochemical properties of graphene. It further outlines current progress on the synthetic approaches for chemical doping (substitutional and surface transfer doping) of graphene and graphene oxide with different heteroatoms in order to fine‐tune the electronic properties. The use of heteroatom‐doped graphene as a CE in DSSCs and how it improves the photovoltaic performance of cells is discussed.

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Section: Heteroatom‐doped Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heteroatom‐doped Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sulfur-doped Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Heteroatom-doped graphene and its application as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells

2018

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“…Growing doped graphene in one step is also possible for instance by using CVD. For example, doping with nitrogen, boron, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon atoms has thus far been demonstrated by CVD. Among them, nitrogen is often a natural choice as a dopant due to its comparable size to carbon while it hosts an additional valence electron.…”

Section: D: Doped and Undoped Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensional Confinement in Carbon‐based Structures – From 3D to 1D

et al. 2017

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We present an overview of charge transport in selected one-, two-and three-dimensional carbon-based materials with exciting properties. The systems are atomically defined bottom-up synthesized graphene nanoribbons, doped graphene and turbostratic graphene micro-disks, where up to 100 graphene layers are rotationally stacked. For turbostratic graphene we show how this system lends itself to spintronic applications. This follows from the inner graphene layers where charge carriers are protected and thus highly mobile. Doped graphene and graphene nanoribbons offer the possibility to tailor the electronic properties of graphene either by introducing heteroatoms or by confining the system geometrically. Herein, we describe the most recent developments of charge transports in these carbon systems.

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“…Experimental works on the doping of graphene with P and S atoms have also been performed [13,14]. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the adsorption of several gas molecules on P-doped graphene (hereafter abbreviated as PhG) have shown strong chemisorption of O2, NO, NO2 and SO2 onto PhG through the formation of P-X (X = O, N, S) bonds, while weak physisorption was observed for H2, H2O, CO2, CO, N2 and NH3 [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DFT Based Simulation of H2S Gas Sensing Properties of Doped Graphene

Varghese¹,

Swaminathan²,

Singh³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on New Technologies

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-The interactions of P-and S-doped graphene sheets with H2S molecule are investigated based on density functional theory based simulations to analyze the reactivity of these doped graphenes towards H2S. The energetically favourable adsorption configurations of H2S on doped graphene sheets are determined and adsorption energies are calculated. Our results indicate that the structural properties of doped graphene sheets are not influenced much by the adsorption of H2S. The results from charge distribution analysis, electronic band structures and density of states of H2S adsorbed on the doped graphene sheets show that the interactions between H2S and doped graphene sheets does not induce any significant changes in the electronic properties of P-and S-doped graphene.

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A simple synthesis of sulfur-doped graphene using sulfur powder by chemical vapor deposition

Abstract: S-doped graphene has synthesized by CVD, using Fe/CaCO3 as a catalyst, acetylene as a carbon resource and sulfur powder as a sulfur resource.

Cited by 51 publications

References 77 publications

Heteroatom-doped graphene and its application as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells

Heteroatom-doped graphene and its application as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells

Dimensional Confinement in Carbon‐based Structures – From 3D to 1D

DFT Based Simulation of H2S Gas Sensing Properties of Doped Graphene

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