A simple view of the brain through a frequency-specific functional connectivity measure

Salvador, Raymond; Martı́nez, Antı́gona; Pomarol‐Clotet, Edith; Gomar, Jesús J.; Vila, Fidel; Sarró, Salvador; Capdevila, Antoni; Bullmore, Edward T.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.08.018

Cited by 213 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…60 The amygdala and insula have strong structural connections 61 and exhibit high functional connectivity at rest. 62 Hyperconnectivity of the amygdala and anterior insula could indicate stronger anticipation of negative events, as seen in the PTSD symptom of hyperarousal, and hyperconnectivity between the posterior insula and amygdala could indicate a tighter functional link between visceral perception and emotional response, as seen in re-experiencing symptoms. Indeed, insula responsivity to negative images in individuals with PTSD has previously been shown to be positively correl ated with hyperarousal symptoms, 19 re-experiencing symptoms 63 and flashback intensity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered resting-state amygdala functional connectivity in men with posttraumatic stress disorder

Sripada

King

Garfinkel

et al. 2012

jpn

326

294

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IntroductionPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder characterized by symptoms of re-experiencing, hyperarousal, emotional numbing and avoidance; 1 however, exact brain mechanisms involved in the generation of PTSD symptoms or in PTSD pathophysiology have yet to be elucidated. Converging neuroimaging research points to a potentially critical role for disrupted emotion neurocircuitry in individuals with PTSD, and whereas many studies have delineated patterns of activations during face viewing or symptom provocation (for a review, see Shin and Liberzon 2 ), relatively few have examined patterns of connectivity in the brains of patients with PTSD at rest, a potentially powerful method for illuminating brain network structure. 3,4 Most PTSD neuroimaging studies to date have described abnormalities in emotion-generation regions, such as the amygdala or insula, and emotion-regulation regions, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). This is consistent with the known role of the amygdala as a key region in threat detection, 5 fear conditioning 6 and emotional salience, 7 and of the mPFC as a modulatory region interconnected with limbic structures 8 and involved in emotion regulation.9 Taken together, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of individuals with PTSD suggest patterns of hyperactivation of the amygdala and insula to emotion-related stimuli and corresponding hypoactivation of ventromedial prefrontal and rostral anterior cingulate cortices.2 This pattern of amygdala hyperactivity and mPFC hypoactivity was recently confirmed by a meta-analysis of 15 PTSD neuroimaging studies 10 and is generally understood to reflect a lack of regulatory control over emotion in individuals with PTSD.Studies of functional connectivity, however, can provide additional and potentially more direct information about regu latory relationships between the mPFC and amygdala. The amygdala has tight structural connections and reciprocal feedback loops with the mPFC and orbitofrontal cortex 11 as well as with the dorsolateral PFC 12 and ACC. 13 As amygdala Background: Converging neuroimaging research suggests altered emotion neurocircuitry in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Emotion activation studies in these individuals have shown hyperactivation in emotion-related regions, including the amygdala and insula, and hypoactivation in emotion-regulation regions, including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, few studies have examined patterns of connectivity at rest in individuals with PTSD, a potentially powerful method for illuminating brain network structure. Methods: Using the amygdala as a seed region, we measured resting-state brain connectivity using 3 T functional magnetic resonance imaging in returning male veterans with PTSD and combat controls without PTSD. Results: Fifteen veterans with PTSD and 14 combat controls enrolled in our study. Compared with controls, veterans with ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered resting-state amygdala functional connectivity in men with posttraumatic stress disorder

Sripada

King

Garfinkel

et al. 2012

jpn

326

294

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…2008). In this study, significantly increased interhemispheric functional connectivity was found in the visual cortex, which encompassed the three cytoarchitectonic distinct Brodmann areas 17, 18, and 19 (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term acclimatization to high‐altitude hypoxia modifies interhemispheric functional and structural connectivity in the adult brain

Chen

Li²,

Han³

et al. 2016

Brain and Behavior

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BackgroundStructural and functional networks can be reorganized to adjust to environmental pressures and physiologic changes in the adult brain, but such processes remain unclear in prolonged adaptation to high‐altitude (HA) hypoxia. This study aimed to characterize the interhemispheric functionally and structurally coupled modifications in the brains of adult HA immigrants.MethodsWe performed resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in 16 adults who had immigrated to the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (2300–4400 m) for 2 years and in 16 age‐matched sea‐level (SL) controls. A recently validated approach of voxel‐mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) was employed to examine the interhemispheric resting‐state functional connectivity. Areas showing changed VMHC in HA immigrants were selected as regions of interest for follow‐up DTI tractography analysis. The fiber parameters of fractional anisotropy and fiber length were obtained. Cognitive and physiological assessments were made and correlated with the resulting image metrics.ResultsCompared with SL controls, VMHC in the bilateral visual cortex was significantly increased in HA immigrants. The mean VMHC value extracted within the visual cortex was positively correlated with hemoglobin concentration. Moreover, the path length of the commissural fibers connecting homotopic visual areas was increased in HA immigrants, covarying positively with VMHC.ConclusionsThese observations are the first to demonstrate interhemispheric functional and structural connectivity resilience in the adult brain after prolonged HA acclimatization independent of inherited and developmental effects, and the coupled modifications in the bilateral visual cortex indicate important neural compensatory mechanisms underlying visual dysfunction in physiologically well‐acclimatized HA immigrants. The study of human central adaptation to extreme environments promotes the understanding of our brain's capacity for survival.

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“…Both of them process information from time domain. Frequencyspecific functional connectivity measures, which allow the patterns of co-variability between brain areas occurring in different time scales to be described, have also been used (Salvador et al 2007;Salvador et al 2008).…”

Section: Spatial Pattern Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging as a potential biomarker in neuropsychiatric disorders

et al. 2010

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As functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have yielded increasing amounts of information about the brain's spontaneous activity, they have revealed fMRI's potential to locate changes in brain hemodynamics that are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In this paper, we review studies that support the notion that changes in brain spontaneous activity observed by fMRI can be used as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment evaluation in neuropsychiatric disorders. We first review the methods used to study spontaneous activity from the perspectives of (1) the properties of local spontaneous activity, (2) the spatial pattern of spontaneous activity, and (3) the topological properties of brain networks. We also summarize the major findings associated with major neuropsychiatric disorders obtained using these methods. Then we review the pilot studies that have used spontaneous activity to discriminate patients from normal controls. Finally, we discuss current challenges and potential research directions to further elucidate the clinical use of spontaneous brain activity in neuropsychiatric disorders.

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A simple view of the brain through a frequency-specific functional connectivity measure

Cited by 213 publications

References 33 publications

Altered resting-state amygdala functional connectivity in men with posttraumatic stress disorder

Altered resting-state amygdala functional connectivity in men with posttraumatic stress disorder

Long‐term acclimatization to high‐altitude hypoxia modifies interhemispheric functional and structural connectivity in the adult brain

Spontaneous brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging as a potential biomarker in neuropsychiatric disorders

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