A Simple Voltage Controlled Enzymatic Nanoreactor Produced in the Tip of a Nanopipet

Bruckbauer, Andreas; Zhou, Dejian; Ying, Liming; Abell, and Chris; Klenerman, David

doi:10.1021/nl049029h

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The nanopipets used in this work can be integrated with ion conductance microscopy to scan (t À < dT) the surface of living cells and perform targeted delivery on demand (t À > dT) in a cell area of choice. Another exciting application is the possibility of using the region inside the nanopipet, near the tip as an ultrasmall reaction volume, 39 where small molecular populations are pulsed back and forth and interact with each other, with the reaction products simultaneously delivered and detected by the nanopore.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Demand Delivery of Single DNA Molecules Using Nanopipets

et al. 2015

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Understanding the behavioral properties of single molecules or larger scale populations interacting with single molecules is currently a hotly pursued topic in nanotechnology. This arises from the potential such techniques have in relation to applications such as targeted drug delivery, early stage detection of disease, and drug screening. Although label and label-free single molecule detection strategies have existed for a number of years, currently lacking are efficient methods for the controllable delivery of single molecules in aqueous environments. In this article we show both experimentally and from simulations that nanopipets in conjunction with asymmetric voltage pulses can be used for label-free detection and delivery of single molecules through the tip of a nanopipet with "on-demand" timing resolution. This was demonstrated by controllable delivery of 5 kbp and 10 kbp DNA molecules from solutions with concentrations as low as 3 pM.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Demand Delivery of Single DNA Molecules Using Nanopipets

et al. 2015

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“…Depending on parameters such as glass thickness, temperature, and pulling force, diameters down to nanometer range can be achieved. 12,13 First experiments have shown that nanocapillaries allow for the detection of DNAcoated colloids. 14 Our recent work revealed that it is possible to differentiate not only colloids of different size but also DNA-coated colloids from uncoated colloids.…”

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Detecting DNA Folding with Nanocapillaries

et al. 2010

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We demonstrate for the first time the detection of the folding state of double-stranded DNA in nanocapillaries with the resistive pulse technique. We show that glass capillaries can be pulled into nanocapillaries with diameters down to 45 nm. We study translocation of lambda -DNA which is driven by an electrophoretic force through the nanocapillary. The resulting change in ionic current indicates the folding state of single lambda -DNA molecules. Our experiments prove that nanocapillaries are suitable for label-free analysis of DNA in aqueous solutions and viable alternatives to solid-state nanopores made by silicon nanotechnology.

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“…Nanopipettes are versatile enough to be used as a tool for sensitive detection in biomedical applications. Optical detection of fluorescently labeled macromolecules such as DNA or proteins with nanopipettes has been reported. , Fully electrical detection has also been shown with similarly sized nanoparticles, whose flow through the nanopipette opening creates temporal current blockades . The ultimate goal of these efforts, the label-free real-time electrical detection of single molecules, could be achieved eventually by a deeper understanding of the fundamental characteristics of nanopipette electrodes under an external electric field.…”

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Current Rectification with Poly-l-Lysine-Coated Quartz Nanopipettes

et al. 2006

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Ion current rectification with quartz nanopipette electrodes was investigated through the control of the surface charge. The presence and absence of a positively charged poly-L-lysine (PLL) coating resulted in the rectified current with opposite polarity. The results agreed with the theories developed for current-rectifying conical nanopores, suggesting the similar underlying mechanism among asymmetric nanostructure in general. This surface condition dependence can be used as the fundamental principle of multi-purpose real-time in vivo biosensors. Nanomaterials are being widely exploited by recent technologies because of their extraordinary properties. Although the development of fabrication processes for particular nanostructures poses great challenges by itself, the practical use of these nanomaterials is also of great interest for biology and medicine. 1 Because of their structural diversity, these materials are often categorized and referred to as nanoparticles, 2 nanowires, 3 nanotubes, 4 nanopores, 5 or nanopatterned surfaces. 6 Nanopipettes are among these; a nanopipette is defined as a pipette with a very fine tip that has a nanoscale opening. Nanolithography is one of the typical applications of nanopipettes as a delivery tool of a tiny amount of chemicals. 7,8 Nanopipettes are versatile enough to be used as a tool for sensitive detection in biomedical applications. Optical detection of fluorescently labeled macromolecules such as DNA or proteins with nanopipettes has been reported. 9,10 Fully electrical detection has also been shown with similarly sized nanoparticles, whose flow through the nanopipette opening creates temporal current blockades. 11 The ultimate goal of these efforts, the label-free real-time electrical detection of single molecules, could be achieved eventually by a deeper understanding of the fundamental characteristics of nanopipette electrodes under an external electric field. It not only helps to unveil the dynamics of biological systems but can also have a remarkable impact on drug screening and pathogen detection. Interestingly, although a general understanding of nanopipette electrodes can be based on the understanding of microelectrodes, the unique nanoscale geometry often causes characteristic behavior that requires further focused studies. For example, related studies have examined the physicochemical properties of nanopipettes under varying conditions such as electrolyte concentrations and pH, 12 or polyethylene glycol polymer coatings. 13 Similarly shaped goldplated conical nanopores have been studied in a more detailed manner, involving observations of the role of surface charge in the ionic current. 14 Our target here is the effect of cationic polymer coating on a glass nanopipette surface, providing the basis for functionalized nanopipettes that will be used as sensitive biosensors. By understanding how ions flow through the nanometer-sized opening, how these ions interact with the surface inside and outside the tip, and what happens if the surface is modified by...

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A Simple Voltage Controlled Enzymatic Nanoreactor Produced in the Tip of a Nanopipet

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

On-Demand Delivery of Single DNA Molecules Using Nanopipets

On-Demand Delivery of Single DNA Molecules Using Nanopipets

Detecting DNA Folding with Nanocapillaries

Current Rectification with Poly-l-Lysine-Coated Quartz Nanopipettes

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