A simple way to synthesize a nano-scale stable epoxy emulsion for sizing CF/epoxy composites

Abstract

Emulsion prepared with EE-P20 (“lipophilic–hydrophilic–hydrophobic” structure), as the emulsifier can improve the interface performance and moisture resistance of CF.

Nonionic Emulsifier with Lipophilic–Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Structure for Preparing Waterborne Epoxy Coatings with High Corrosion Resistance and Thermal Stability

“…35 The peaks in the range of 3.94−4.18 ppm are attributed to H in methylene and methine of E51, and the peak at 1.61 ppm belongs to the methyl peak of the E51 side chain (Figure 3a− d). 18 The peak at 3.63 ppm indicates the presence of methylene in PEG2000, 36 and the peaks in the range of 2.08, 1.75, and 1.23 ppm represent H in methylene and methine of HHPA (Figure 3a−d). 37,38 The typical aforementioned peaks can be detected in all WEP emulsifiers (Figure 3a−d), and different intensities of those peaks can be attributed to various molecular weights of PEG used in the synthetic processes.…”

“…Although the lipophilic group in the lipophilic–hydrophilic structure is similar to the structure of the oil phase, which is conducive to the stability of the WEP emulsion, the presence of the terminal hydrophilic group is detrimental to the corrosion resistance of the WEP coatings . Alternatively, the lipophilic–hydrophilic–lipophilic (L-H-L) structure can effectively eliminate the terminal hydrophilic group in the emulsifier, thus significantly improving the corrosion resistance of WEP coatings . For instance, the highly stable emulsifier prepared via the reaction between epoxy resin and 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether can effectively terminate the hydrophilic chains, thus significantly improving the corrosion resistance of the WEP coatings .…”

“…17 Alternatively, the lipophilic−hydrophilic− lipophilic (L-H-L) structure can effectively eliminate the terminal hydrophilic group in the emulsifier, thus significantly improving the corrosion resistance of WEP coatings. 18 For instance, the highly stable emulsifier prepared via the reaction between epoxy resin and 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether can effectively terminate the hydrophilic chains, thus significantly improving the corrosion resistance of the WEP coatings. 19 Compared with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, anhydride compounds exhibit higher reactivity than the side-chain hydroxyl group to react with epoxy groups under mild reaction conditions, and the prepared coatings exhibit high anticorrosion performance (|Z| 0.01 Hz > 10 10 ohm•cm 2 ) and thermal stability (T dec = 203 °C).…”

Emulsifying behavior between oil and water of flowback fluids from acidizing oil wells based on high-voltage electric field oil–water separation technology

“…The phenomenon of emulsification between oil and water in two phases is common during the production process of oilfields. [1][2][3][4][5] DaQing oilfield of China is taken as an example. ASP (alkali, polymer, and surfactant) flooding has been widely used in oilfields and good development results have been achieved.…”