A Simplified Method of Using Four-Hole Probes to Measure Three-Dimensional Flow Fields

Sitaram, Nagaraj; Treaster, A. L.

doi:10.1115/1.3242436

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Normalization by P~ -/5 has been incorporated in the majority of the multihole probe calibration procedures developed in recent years (Treaster and Yocum, 1979;Westphal et al, 1987;Sitaram and Treaster, 1985).…”

Section: Pressure Coefficient Normalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling, calibration, and error analysis of seven-hole pressure probes

Zilliac

1993

Experiments in Fluids

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Abstract. This report describes the calibration of a non-nulling, conical, seven-hole pressure probe over a large range of flow onset angles. The calibration procedure is based on the use of differential pressures to determine the three components of velocity. The method allows determination of the flow angle and velocity magnitude to within an average error of l.O ~ and 1.0% respectively. Greater accuracy can be achieved by using high quality pressure transducers. Also included is an examination of the factors which limit the use of the probe, a description of the measurement chain, an error analysis, and a typical experimental result. In addition, a new general analytical model of pressure probe behavior is described and the validity of the model is demonstrated by comparing it with experimentally measured calibration data for a three-hole yaw meter and a sevenhole probe.

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Section: Pressure Coefficient Normalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling, calibration, and error analysis of seven-hole pressure probes

Zilliac

1993

Experiments in Fluids

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“…From the literature review of the calibration of five-hole probes, it is revealed that there are four ways to define non-dimensional pressure coefficients. Krause and Dudzindki (1969) first described the pressure coefficient normalization technique, for a five-hole probe with centre hole pressure labeled as 5 P and the off-axis holes labeled as 1 P , 2 P , 3 P and 4 P , the four pressure coefficients are given by (Treaster and Yocum, 1979;Sitaram and Treaster, 1985;Westphal et al, 1987). The advantage of this method lies in its simplicity and provides a good foundation to understand the operation of multi-hole probes.…”

Section: Pressure Normalization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel calibration algorithm for five-hole pressure probe

Paul¹,

Upadhyay²,

Jain³

2011

Int. J. Eng. Sci. Tech

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Five-hole pneumatic pressure probes are used to carry out the steady-state measurements of three components of velocity, inflow angles, static and total pressures simultaneously for a point in a flow field. Various calibration algorithms for five-hole probes are studied in this paper as reported in the literature. Authors have defined non-dimensional pressure coefficients in different ways. Based on certain limitations, a new set of pressure coefficients are proposed in this paper, which overcome the limitations in the literature and gives less computational errors in calculating the flow parameters. In this method, the influence of pressure recorded by central hole (5 P) is considered in defining these coefficients. From 4th order regression analysis, the average values of 2 r parameters for all zones are 0.9979 and 0.9910 for α and β respectively, and which are even better than that reported in the all existing methods

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“…In use the stem was horizontal and the line of holes parallel to the vane wakes Fig. 10 Photograph of three-hole probe tip and stem and yaw directions) five-hole probes are the norm [20], although four-hole probes [21,22] are now almost as common; the main advantage of the latter is the smaller size, which is advantageous in transonic flows because the probe presents lower blockage. Because of the small size of the cascade, an unusually small probe capable of high-resolution measurements was required.…”

Section: Miniature Downstream Traverse Probe Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transonic turbine vane tests in a new miniature cascade facility

Povey

Oldfield

Haselbach

2008

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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A new two-dimensional mini-cascade blow-down tunnel, with eight vane passages of only 20 mm true chord, 15 mm pitch, and 40 mm span, has been developed for testing gas turbine nozzle guide vane profiles at transonic exit Mach numbers (M) and realistic Reynolds numbers (Re) with a quick turnaround and high accuracy. The small size of the cascade has many advantages. Vane profiles can be tested at adjustable engine representative Re at room temperature with exit static pressures above atmospheric and Re and M can be independently varied. The mass flow is small and the long run times (>3 min) allow downstream traversing with a three-hole miniature probe. The inaccuracies inherent in the traditional method of mounting the vanes/blades on pegs in the Schlieren windows have been eliminated by accurately computer numerical control (CNC) machining the whole cascade of vanes integral with the tunnel side walls, with re-usable, plug-in Schlieren windows. Cascades of new test vane profiles are quickly machined and tested, with a fast turn-around for comparative studies. A new Schlieren photography lens arrangement is demonstrated, which captures numerous flow visualization images per run directly into a digital SLR camera. Lower-than-atmospheric exhaust pressures were achieved by using a long exhaust designed to maximize exit flow dynamic pressure recovery using the self-ejector pumping effect. Exhaust pressures as low as 0.7 bar were achieved using the self-pumping exhaust, allowing M up to 1.6 with 3 bar inlet pressure and an exhaust at atmospheric pressure. An analytical model is developed for the mildly supersonic exit flow condition and validated against experimental data. Excellent agreement is achieved. Results presented for a typical transonic cascade show that the tunnel performs well in the subsonic and low supersonic region, but, as the exit M increases, shock-wave reflections from the free jet boundary, seen on the Schlieren, cause non-periodicity. Deep in the cascade, the flow is still periodic and can be used for investigations of loss and shock boundary-layer interaction. Interestingly, if the downstream pressure is reduced further to give even higher (but unrealistic) M, the cascade becomes axially supersonic and excellent periodicity is restored. Schlieren results are compared with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the tunnel flow, and the loss measurements are validated against measurements conducted using a large-scale cascade at Göttingen.

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A Simplified Method of Using Four-Hole Probes to Measure Three-Dimensional Flow Fields

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Modelling, calibration, and error analysis of seven-hole pressure probes

Modelling, calibration, and error analysis of seven-hole pressure probes

A novel calibration algorithm for five-hole pressure probe

Transonic turbine vane tests in a new miniature cascade facility

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