A Simplified Quantitative Method for Assessing Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca From the Sjögren's Syndrome International Registry

Whitcher, John P.; Shiboski, Caroline H.; Shiboski, Stephen; Heidenreich, Ana Maria; Kitagawa, Kazuko; Zhang, Shunhua; Hamann, Steffen; Larkin, Genevieve; McNamara, Nancy; Greenspan, John S.; Daniels, T.

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2009.09.013

Cited by 417 publications

(320 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Recently, alternative classification criteria, the preliminary ACR criteria, have been proposed [Shiboski et al 2012;Whitcher et al 2010]. Neither set of criteria include salivary gland ultrasound.…”

Section: Primary Sjögren's Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Latest advances in connective tissue disorders

Rao

Bowman

2013

Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal

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Systemic lupus erythematosus Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) typically affects women (circa 9:1 female:male ratio) in the 16-55 age group [Ballou et al. 1982]. It is commoner among patients of African/Afro-Caribbean, South Asian or Chinese/other Asian ethnic groups. It ranges from a mild to a lifethreatening or fatal disorder [Petri et al. 2012a]. Active disease is associated with raised anti-dsDNA antibodies and reduced levels of complement C3 and/or C4 levels. Current therapy is, in fact, very effective for most patients. In mild to moderate disease, hydroxychloroquine is now commonly used as steroid-sparing therapy for all patients. For patients with active disease, corticosteroids are at the heart of current therapy, often combined with steroid sparing agents such as azathioprine, methotrexate, leflunomide, ciclosporin or mycophenolate. In patients with severe or life-threatening renal, nervous system or pulmonary disease, oral or pulsed intravenous cyclophosphamide has been typically used over the past 20 years [Boumpas et al. 1992]. As a consequence, the survival rate for SLE has steadily increased. In a review of this topic [Urowitz et al. 2008] the authors point out that since the 1950s, SLE has changed from a disease with a 50% mortality at 5 years to one of over 90% 5-year survival. The challenge, in recent years, has been less about finding drugs with greater efficacy than corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide and more about developing drug regimes with lower toxicity. Corticosteroids, in particular, have been associated with higher rates of infection, cardiovascular and bone disease [Ruiz-Irastorza et al. 2012; Petri et al 2012b]. Cyclophosphamide is associated

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Section: Primary Sjögren's Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Latest advances in connective tissue disorders

Rao

Bowman

2013

Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal

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“…Lissamine green does not carry the discomfort that rose bengal does, so it is more typically used in clinic. We use concentrated lissamine green 1% (compounded) as opposed to lissamine green-impregnated strips that are wet with saline or sterile water, though many centers use the strips as they are commercially available [7].…”

Section: Conjunctival Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Involvement in Sjögren’s Syndrome: Advances in Therapy

Gonzales

Lietman

2018

Curr Treat Options in Rheum

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“…Patients with SS tend to have higher scores than patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca only [35,36]. A number of other tests that measure different components of the ocular surface known to be affected in Sjögren's patients that don't require gland biopsies are also in development [29,37].…”

Section: Ophthalmic Diagnostic Tests For Sjögren Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Simplified Quantitative Method for Assessing Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca From the Sjögren's Syndrome International Registry

Cited by 417 publications

References 17 publications

Latest advances in connective tissue disorders

Latest advances in connective tissue disorders

Ocular Involvement in Sjögren’s Syndrome: Advances in Therapy

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