A Simplified Stress Analysis of Functionally Graded Beams and Influence of Material Function on Deflection

Althoey, Fadi; Ali, Elias

doi:10.3390/app112411747

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[52][53][54][55] Natural fibers have been used by different authors as a partial or full replacement for synthetic 56 and steel fibers in cementitious composites to enhance the durability, 57 strength, and performance of concrete, mortar, and hybrid composites. 58 Plant-based fibers include sisal, bamboo, cannabis, coconut, banana, and sugar cane. The main advantage of using natural fibers are their low cost and easy availability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fibers that are made from plants (wood, leaves) and geological procedures are called natural fibers 52–55 . Natural fibers have been used by different authors as a partial or full replacement for synthetic 56 and steel fibers in cementitious composites to enhance the durability, 57 strength, and performance of concrete, mortar, and hybrid composites 58 . Plant‐based fibers include sisal, bamboo, cannabis, coconut, banana, and sugar cane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the influence of fly ash and waste glass on the characteristics of coconut fibers reinforced concrete

Aslam

Zaid

Althoey

et al. 2022

Structural Concrete

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The disposal of waste from coal plants and waste glass (WG) is causing significant environmental problems all around the planet. Currently, the amount of discarding of these wastes is increased. One possible option is to utilize fly ash (FA) from coal plants as a partial substitute for the cement and EG as a fractional substitute for sand in concrete, respectively. Besides, fibers can improve the strength and durability of concrete; explicitly speaking, using coconut fibers (CFs) is in trend due to their highest toughness among natural fibers making it suitable material as fiber reinforcement in concrete. This research studies the concrete behavior with 15% FA as a partial substitute of cement with 2% CFs and waste beverage glass as sand at various replacement levels (14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, and 20%). Mechanical and durability characteristics of concrete were assessed, such as compression strength, water absorption, flexural strength, density, workability, and water absorption. The current study results show that adding FA, CFs, and WG improved microstructure quality at 16% replacement of sand. The study showed that the M4 mix has enhanced the properties of concrete samples as compressive and flexural strength was improved to 47.2 and 6.2 MPa and improved apparent density by 20%. Adding more WGP than the optimal proportion (16%) led to detrimental effects on void ratio, permeability, and water absorption. Therefore, 16% of sand with WG and 15% of FA with cement can be substituted with 2% CFs to develop sustainable concrete.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the influence of fly ash and waste glass on the characteristics of coconut fibers reinforced concrete

Aslam

Zaid

Althoey

et al. 2022

Structural Concrete

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“…By inserting Equation (28) into Equation (11), we obtain the equation that governs the dynamic problem of the FG nanobeam, incorporating both nonlocal and surface energy effects…”

Section: Size-dependent Governing Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further progress has been made with the introduction of a new class of composite materials, namely functionally graded (FG) materials, in the field of both structures and nanostructures, which allow high performance to be maintained even under severe thermal and mechanical stress [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Surface Stress-Driven Model for Higher Vibration Modes of Functionally Graded Nanobeams

Lovisi,

Feo,

Lambiase

et al. 2024

Nanomaterials

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This paper employs a surface stress-driven nonlocal theory to investigate the synergistic impact of long-range interaction and surface energy on higher vibration modes of Bernoulli–Euler nanobeams made of functionally graded material. It takes into account surface effects such as the surface modulus of elasticity, residual surface stresses, surface density, and rotary inertia. The governing equation is derived through the application of Hamilton’s principle. The novelty of this work lies in its pioneering approach to studying higher-order vibrations, carefully considering the combination of long-range interactions and surface energy in nanobeams of functionally graded materials through a well-posed mathematical model of nonlocal elasticity. This study conducts a parametric investigation, examining the effects of the nonlocal parameter and the material gradient index for four static schemes: Cantilever, Simply-Supported, Clamped-Pinned and Clamped-Clamped nanobeams. The outcomes are presented and discussed, highlighting the normalized nonlocal natural frequencies for the second through fifth modes of vibration in each case under study. In particular, this study illustrates the central role of surface effects in the dynamic response of nanobeams, emphasizing the importance of considering them. Furthermore, the parametric analysis reveals that the dynamic response is influenced by the combined effects of the nonlocal parameter, the material gradient index, the shapes of the cross-sections considered, as well as the static scheme analyzed.

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“…FGMs, because of their improved mechanical properties, can be useful in extreme environments such as blasts with excessive strain and high yield stresses that would cause a single-material part to fail. FGMs can also be used as structural elements, such as beams and plates; detailed analytical and numerical solutions can be found in [23,24]. The development of engineering materials leading up to FGMs is shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Functionally Graded Materials Compo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation on Blast Response of Cold-Formed Steel Framing Protected with Functionally Graded Composite Material

Ali

Althoey

2022

Buildings

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This paper presents a numerical simulation on the blast response of cold-formed steel (CFS) structural framing system protected with a functionally graded composite material (FGM) panel. The steel frame consists of four CFS studs, which were protected by 12.5 mm thick gypsum, aluminum composite, and FGM composite materials on both sides. The numerical simulation was performed using ABAQUS on a 1.8 m × 2.4 m, overall wall panel exposed to air blast on one side. A 1.0 kg TNT explosive charge placed at four standoff distances (R) of 1.0 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m, and 2.5 m from the framing were investigated. The FGM board was modeled using a stepwise material variation using the power-law material function. Deformation and failure modes of the studs, as well as the protective materials, were compared to the same framing system but with different protective materials, including conventional gypsum boards and aluminum composite panels. Based on the observation from the analysis and computational simulation, the proposed protective composite material (FGM) resulted in a smaller deformation at peak overpressure at a given standoff distance (R) and local failure modes on studs. The same frame system with gypsum and aluminum panel exhibited excessive deformation as well as an early collapse of the CFS studs. This observation can lead to an alternative material solution in blast-resistant design.

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A Simplified Stress Analysis of Functionally Graded Beams and Influence of Material Function on Deflection

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Evaluating the influence of fly ash and waste glass on the characteristics of coconut fibers reinforced concrete

Evaluating the influence of fly ash and waste glass on the characteristics of coconut fibers reinforced concrete

Application of Surface Stress-Driven Model for Higher Vibration Modes of Functionally Graded Nanobeams

Numerical Investigation on Blast Response of Cold-Formed Steel Framing Protected with Functionally Graded Composite Material

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