A simulation model for studying the role of pre-slaughter factors on the exposure of beef carcasses to human microbial hazards

Jordan, David; McEwen, Scott A.; Lammerding, Anna M.; McNab, W. Bruce; Wilson, Jeff

doi:10.1016/s0167-5877(99)00033-1

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Most human infections are acquired from the consumption of foods and water contaminated directly or indirectly with bovine fecal material (2). Hence, lowering the amount of E. coli O157 excreted in the feces of individual cattle and minimizing the number of cattle excreting E. coli O157 are predicted to significantly reduce the incidence of human E. coli O157-related diseases (6,17,18,20). Unfortunately, methods to effectively control E. coli O157 in cattle have yet to be identified.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cattle Water Troughs as Reservoirs of Escherichia coli O157

LeJeune¹,

Besser²,

Hancock

2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

187

134

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Environmental survival of Escherichia coli O157 may play an important role in the persistence and dissemination of this organism on farms. The survival of culturable and infectious E. coli O157 was studied using microcosms simulating cattle water troughs. Culturable E. coli O157 survived for at least 245 days in the microcosm sediments. Furthermore, E. coli O157 strains surviving more than 6 months in contaminated microcosms were infectious to a group of 10-week-old calves. Fecal excretion of E. coli O157 by these calves persisted for 87 days after challenge. Water trough sediments contaminated with feces from cattle excreting E. coli O157 may serve as a long-term reservoir of this organism on farms and a source of infection for cattle.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cattle Water Troughs as Reservoirs of Escherichia coli O157

LeJeune¹,

Besser²,

Hancock

2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

187

134

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“…As already discussed in this article, according to Arthur et al (3) and Woener et al 2, pens with >20% fecal prevalence contribute significantly to hide and carcass contamination. In turn, hide and carcass contamination can compromise apparent vaccine efficacy due to crosscontamination of hides during transport to harvest (38) or cross-contamination of carcasses during processing (39). On the basis of a postulated threshold effect involving vaccine-induced reductions in shedding density (reductions in the numbers of animals with fecal shedding exceeding 10 3 CFU/g E. coli O157, also known as super-shedders), Matthews et al recently proposed that cattle vaccination would in fact produce substantially greater reductions in human disease caused by E. coli O157 than predicted based solely on effects on cattle shedding prevalence (40).…”

Section: Efficacy Of Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Preharvest” Food Safety for Escherichia coli O157 and Other Pathogenic Shiga Toxin-Producing Strains

et al. 2014

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Preharvest food safety refers to the concept of reducing the rates of contamination of unprocessed foods with food-borne disease pathogens in order to reduce human exposure and disease. This article addresses the search for effective preharvest food safety practices for application to live cattle to reduce both contamination of foods of bovine origin and environmental contamination resulting from cattle. Although this research has resulted in several practices that significantly decrease contamination by Escherichia coli O157, the effects are limited in magnitude and unlikely to affect the incidence of human disease without much wider application and considerably higher efficacy than is presently apparent. Infection of cattle with E. coli O157 is transient and seasonally variable, likely resulting from a complex web of exposures. It is likely that better identification of the true maintenance reservoir of this agent and related Shiga toxin-producing E. coli is required to develop more effective control measures for these important food- and waterborne disease agents.

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“…Control and/or reduction methods have included herd vaccinations, reducing visible feces via cleaning or sanitizing steps prior to slaughter, fasting prior to slaughter, changing the order of cattle introduced into processing based on visual inspection, and identifying and reducing cross‐contamination from the farm to slaughter plant. Vaccination has been recommended as the most viable treatment for reduction in overall prevalence (Jordan and others 1999b; Wood and others 2006). However, concerns over possible disturbance of commensal microflora and pathogen resistance are mentioned as current hindrances to vaccination strategies (Wood and others 2006).…”

Section: Live Animalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An initial prevalence of 9.1% for incoming cattle increased to 39.4% and 54.5% in the presale and postsale pen areas (Collis and others 2004). Jordan and others (1999b) outlined a model that considered many variables for characterizing infection and possible cross‐contamination of incoming cattle.…”

Section: Live Animalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He suggested that the skill level and care used during skinning operations were the most important factors in preventing cross‐contamination between the hide surface and carcass. Though the visible contamination of incoming animals was addressed in a model by Jordan and others (1999b), it was not cited as having a significant impact on the transmission of E. coli O157:H7 into the slaughter process.…”

Section: Slaughter and Fabrication/boningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Modeling to Enhance the Microbiological Safety of the Food System

Black

Davidson

2008

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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This article is part of a collection entitled "Models for Safety, Quality, and Competitiveness of the Food Processing Sector," published in Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. It has been peer-reviewed and was written as a follow-up of a pre-IFT workshop, partially funded by the USDA NRI grant 2005-35503-16208.ABSTRACT: The use of modeling techniques for safety and risk prediction in the food supply is strongly supported by the incidence of foodborne outbreaks worldwide. In microbiological food safety, important parameters include incidence, microbial growth, microbial inactivation or survival, and dose response of the host. The goals of the modeler should include (1) identifying possible inputs and outputs for a particular concern and (2) choosing factors for integration into a larger, overall model. A case study of ground beef from the farm to the consumer reviews multiple points of concern where relevant parameters for Escherichia coli O157:H7 can be modeled. The prevalence and concentration of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle have been confirmed and studies have explored various feeding regimens and hide-cleaning methods for controlling the pathogen prior to slaughter. There is significant impact of incidence and cross-contamination during slaughter operations. Intervention methods such as washing and heat treatments and proper carcass handling may reduce the contamination level. Microbial growth in meat products can be extensive, given the possibility of temperature abuse during transportation and storage. Dose-response models for susceptible consumers provide a safety perspective for quantitative microbial models. Growth prediction and lethality models, available online, are valuable tools for both researchers and processors. The goal of the processor should be the "highest reduction possible" (to meet adequate safety requirements) prior to the preparation of raw product. The researcher must continually question the use of a model and the availability of data to validate any conclusions.

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A simulation model for studying the role of pre-slaughter factors on the exposure of beef carcasses to human microbial hazards

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Cattle Water Troughs as Reservoirs of Escherichia coli O157

Cattle Water Troughs as Reservoirs of Escherichia coli O157

“Preharvest” Food Safety for Escherichia coli O157 and Other Pathogenic Shiga Toxin-Producing Strains

Use of Modeling to Enhance the Microbiological Safety of the Food System

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