A simulation model of helicopter disturbance of molting Pacific black brant

Jensen, Kent C.; Grant, William E.; Weller, Milton W.

doi:10.1016/0304-3800(94)90067-1

Cited by 12 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For example, a simulation model was developed to determine behavior and weight loss of molting Pacific black brant ( Branta bernicla nigricans ) due to disturbance by Bell 206 or Bell 412 helicopters. (16) Also, the mechanism of mortality from avian collisions with aircraft is obvious. When the trajectories of a bird and an aircraft intersect, the bird is killed by concussion.…”

Section: Exposure-response Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Risk Assessment Framework for Low‐Altitude Aircraft Overflights: II. Estimating Effects on Wildlife

Efroymson

Suter

2001

Risk Analysis

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An ecological risk assessment framework for aircraft overflights has been developed, with special emphasis on military applications. This article presents the analysis of effects and risk characterization phases; the problem formulation and exposure analysis phases are presented in a companion article. The framework addresses the effects of sound, visual stressors, and collision on the abundance and production of wildlife populations. Profiles of effects, including thresholds, are highlighted for two groups of endpoint species: ungulates (hoofed mammals) and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, walruses). Several factors complicate the analysis of effects for aircraft overflights. Studies of the effects of aircraft overflights previously have not been associated with a quantitative assessment framework; therefore no consistent relations between exposure and population-level response have been developed. Information on behavioral effects of overflights by military aircraft (or component stressors) on most wildlife species is sparse. Moreover, models that relate behavioral changes to abundance or reproduction, and those that relate behavioral or hearing effects thresholds from one population to another are generally not available. The aggregation of sound frequencies, durations, and the view of the aircraft into the single exposure metric of slant distance is not always the best predictor of effects, but effects associated with more specific exposure metrics (e.g., narrow sound spectra) may not be easily determined or added. The weight of evidence and uncertainty analyses of the risk characterization for overflights are also discussed in this article.

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Section: Exposure-response Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Risk Assessment Framework for Low‐Altitude Aircraft Overflights: II. Estimating Effects on Wildlife

Efroymson

Suter

2001

Risk Analysis

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“…Events that affect survival of emperor geese on Russian moulting areas may have consequences for population trends in Alaska. Because anthropogenic disturbance on moulting areas can be detrimental to geese (Sterling and Dzubin 1967, Derksen et al 1982, Miller et al 1994), the coastal region between Cape Shmidta and Cape Netan needs protection to conserve habitats used by this internationally important goose population. Coastal lagoons in that region are not currently protected as state refuges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moult migration of emperor geese Chen canagica between Alaska and Russia

Hupp

Schmutz²,

Ely³

et al. 2007

Journal of Avian Biology

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We studied reproductive success and post‐breeding movements of 32 adult female emperor geese Chen canagica that were marked with satellite radio transmitters on their nesting area on the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), Alaska 2000–2004. All 16 females that failed to successfully reproduce departed the YKD and moulted remiges either on the north coast of the Chukotka Peninsula, Russia (n=15), or on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska (n=1). Of 16 females that successfully nested, one migrated to Russia following hatch whereas the remainder stayed on the YKD. While moulting on the Chukotka Peninsula, emperor geese with satellite transmitters primarily used coastal lagoons west of Kolyuchin Bay. We observed 21,150 adult‐plumaged emperor geese during aerial surveys in Chukotka in 2002. Most (95%) were in the same region used by geese that had been marked with satellite transmitters in Alaska. The number of emperor geese observed in Russia was comparable to our estimate of ≥20,000 adults that either do not nest or nest unsuccessfully each year on the YKD, suggesting that most nonproductive adults, or ≥28% of the adult population departs the YKD to moult elsewhere. The number of moult migrants may be substantially higher in years of poor reproductive success or if adult‐plumaged birds that are not of breeding age also leave the YKD. Moult migration of emperor geese between Alaska and Russia is likely substantially greater than previously believed. Russian moulting habitats are important to the North American population of emperor geese and events that affect survival of geese in Russia could impact population trends on the YKD. Protection of coastal lagoons on the north coast of Chukotka is warranted.

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“…Thus, gull alarms and helicopters contributed little to the initiation of predator avoidance behaviour compared with their frequency of occurrence during moult (Table 1). The relative low response rate to helicopter flights was surprising, because this source of human activity has been regarded as highly disturbing to moulting geese (Madsen 1984;Miller et al 1994). On Saltholm the frequency of helicopter flights was high (up to 52 daily) compared with most other studies and the helicopter traversed the area along a consistent east-west trajectory, although at variable distance from the geese and usually not flying directly toward the study plot.…”

Section: Assessment Of Predation Risk and The Costs Of Escapesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Factors affecting escape behaviour in moulting Greylag Geese Anser anser

Kahlert¹

2006

J Ornithol

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The escape behaviour of flightless greylag geese Anser anser has been studied at a Danish moult site. In more than 40% of escapes, a stimulus could not be discerned, suggesting some importance of inaccurate risk assessment among the geese. Quasi-predator stimuli, for example gull alarms and helicopters, were also important and caused 31-43 and 5-13% of escapes, respectively. Geese were, however, displaced in less than 5% of encounters with these stimuli. Each escape prevented geese from feeding for 19 min on average, and hence, the cost of escapes was high. This, the low in-situ predation risk, and the partly distant and not directly threatening nature of the stimuli may have weakened the response of the geese. During the main moult period the geese were, nevertheless, more susceptible to quasi-predator stimuli than before moult-the probability of escape per 15 min period was 0.16-0.22 during moult and 0 before moult. The probability of escapes among moulting geese, which formed large cohesive flocks, was, furthermore, significantly enhanced with increasing flock size. It is possible large flocks were better at detecting quasipredator stimuli, or simply that there was a greater risk of signals from flock members being misinterpreted. Thus in terms of maintaining uninterrupted foraging it was concluded that an individual would incur extra cost by joining large flocks during the moult period.

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A simulation model of helicopter disturbance of molting Pacific black brant

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Ecological Risk Assessment Framework for Low‐Altitude Aircraft Overflights: II. Estimating Effects on Wildlife

Ecological Risk Assessment Framework for Low‐Altitude Aircraft Overflights: II. Estimating Effects on Wildlife

Moult migration of emperor geese Chen canagica between Alaska and Russia

Factors affecting escape behaviour in moulting Greylag Geese Anser anser

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