A Single Crystal X-Ray Diffraction Study of Mn(OH)2.

Bivalent Metal Hydroxides

“…Similar products have been obtained by hydrothermal synthesis, e.g. at 230 oc and 300 atm during 24 h by Christensen and Ollivier [89]; see also [90].…”

Birnessite: A Layered Manganese Oxide To Capture Sunlight for Water-Splitting Catalysis

“…The core of this process is the oxygen evolution center (OEC) which is composed of Mn 4 O 8 Ca in a cubane-like conformation coordinated to surrounding proteins and water. , Although the process of water splitting is not fully understood, it is known that the process occurs via five intermediate cycles known as S i states (where i represents states 0 to 4). Throughout this process, Mn 3+ ions in PS-II are oxidized to Mn 4+ , allowing for photocatalysis in the system to occur. − Inspiration from the OEC has led to discussion and synthesis of various mimics to performing water splitting and renewable fuel. − Some examples of this mimicking is found to some degree in numerous natural mineral structures consisting of manganese and oxygen content, for example, ramsdellite (γ-MnO 2 ), pyrolusite (β-MnO 2 ), hollandite (α-MnO 2 ), pyrochroite (Mn­[OH] 2 ), groutite (MnO­[OH]), and manganite (MnO­[OH]), to name a few.…”

“…5−8 Inspiration from the OEC has led to discussion and synthesis of various mimics to performing water splitting and renewable fuel. 9−11 Some examples of this mimicking is found to some degree in numerous natural mineral structures consisting of manganese and oxygen content, for example, ramsdellite (γ-MnO 2 ), 12 pyrolusite (β-MnO 2 ), 13 hollandite (α-MnO 2 ), 14 pyrochroite (Mn[OH] 2 ), 15 groutite (MnO[OH]), 16 and manganite (MnO-[OH]), 16 to name a few.…”

Infrared Spectra of M(OH)1,2,3 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) Molecules in Solid Argon and the Character of First Row Transition Metal Hydroxide Bonding

“…Alkali and heavy alkaline earth metal hydroxides are strong bases in aqueous solution, but pure transition metal hydroxides are more or less insoluble. , Transition metal hydroxides from Group 3 trihydroxides to Groups 7−12 dihydroxides are known as solid compounds, and crystal structures have been determined for a number of simple M(OH) 2 solids (M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni). − The crystal structure and vibrational spectroscopy of Co(OH) 2 have been recorded, and a number of important applications for this material have been found including an additive to improve the electrochemical activity of alkaline secondary batteries as electrochromic films and as nanoplatelets. − In addition, NiOH is used as an additive to increase the discharge capacity of Cd electrodes . Oxy-hydroxides (MO)(OH) and various complexes for many of these metals have also been prepared .…”