A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Nud Converts the Caryopsis Type of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

Yu, Shuiyang; Long, Hai; Deng, Guangbing; Pan, Zhifen; Liang, Jinsong; Zeng, Xingquan; Tang, Yuling; Tashi, Nyima; Yu, Maoqun

doi:10.1007/s11105-015-0911-9

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Some of the cas9/gRNA-free T2 grains collected from homozygous T1 mutant plants also had still adherent hulls after standard mechanical threshing, yet in this case the hulls could readily be removed by hand, which was possible owing to the absence of the cementing layer between hull and pericarp. While previous work on NUD function relied on association studies [4][5][6][7], the present study adds unambiguous evidence for the causal effect of loss-of-function of the NUD gene on the formation of non-adherent hulls in barley. The results obtained also confirm the monogenic control of the caryopsis type in barley and demonstrate the possibility to convert hulled into naked barley by targeted mutagenesis of the NUD gene.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…While barley domestication is well established as being of multiple independent origin, naked grain barley is usually considered to be monophyletic [3,4]. The vast majority of naked barley accessions are harboring a 17-kb deletion at the same locus located on the long arm of chromosome 7H [4][5][6][7]. The locus is called NUD (for nudum) and in hulled varieties, it contains a gene (NUD) encoding an Ethylene Response Factor (ERF) family transcription factor belonging to the group of Wax Inducer 1/Shine 1 (WIN1/ SHN1)-like transcription factors [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The locus is called NUD (for nudum ) and in hulled varieties, it contains a gene ( NUD ) encoding an Ethylene Response Factor (ERF) family transcription factor belonging to the group of Wax Inducer 1/Shine 1 (WIN1/SHN1)-like transcription factors [ 5 ]. Re-sequencing of the NUD locus in large panels of barley varieties showed the intact NUD gene in all hulled accessions, whereas all naked ones featured either the aforementioned 17-kb deletion or a T643A amino acid conversion [ 6 ]. An analysis of X-ray-induced naked grain mutants confirmed the expectation that the NUD gene carried non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in all cases [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conversion of hulled into naked barley by Cas endonuclease-mediated knockout of the NUD gene

et al. 2020

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Background The naked caryopsis character in barley is a domestication-associated trait defined by loss-of-function of the NUD gene. The functional NUD gene encodes an Apetala 2/Ethylene-Response Factor (AP2/ERF) controlling the formation of a cementing layer between pericarp and both lemma and palea. The downstream genes regulated by the NUD transcription factor and molecular mechanism of a cementing layer formation are still not sufficiently described. A naturally occurring 17-kb deletion in the nud locus is associated with the emergence of naked barley. Naked barley has been traditionally used for food and nowadays is considered as a dietary component for functional nutrition. Results In the present study, we demonstrate that targeted knockout of the NUD gene using RNA-guided Cas9 endonuclease leads to the phenotype conversion from hulled to naked barley. Using in vivo pre-testing systems, highly effective guide RNAs targeting the first exon of the NUD gene were selected. Expression cassettes harboring the cas9 and guide RNA genes were used to transform barley cv. Golden Promise via Agrobacterium-mediated DNA transfer. The recessive naked grain phenotype was observed in 57% of primary transformants, which indicates a frequent occurrence of homozygous or biallelic mutations. T-DNA-free homozygous lines with independently generated mutations in the NUD gene were obtained in the T1 generation. At homozygous state, all obtained mutations including one- and two-amino acid losses with the translational reading frame being retained invariably caused the naked grain phenotype. Conclusions The hulled and naked barley isogenic lines generated are a perfect experimental model for further studies on pleiotropic consequences of nud mutations on overall plant performance under particular consideration of yield-determining traits. Due to the high β-glucan content of its grains, naked barley is considered as being of particular dietary value. The possibility to convert hulled into naked barley cultivars by targeted mutagenesis allows breeders to extend the potential utilization of barley by the provision of functional food.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conversion of hulled into naked barley by Cas endonuclease-mediated knockout of the NUD gene

et al. 2020

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“…При этом пленчатость зерновки является доминантным признаком (Nud), голозерность -рецессивным (nud). Предполагается, что аллель nud в рецессивном состоянии не обеспечивает биосинтез липидов на эпидермисе зерновки, участвующих в склеивании цветковых чешуй, вследствие чего образуется голая зерновка (Taketa et al, 2008;Yu et al, 2016).…”

Section: источники ценных признаков для селекции голозерного ячменяunclassified

Sources of characters useful for breeding in hulless barley

Bome

2020

Trudy po prikladnoy botanike, genetike i selektsii

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Background. In the present-day situation, the problems pertaining to the nutritional quality of food and feed are quite pertinent for fodder production and cereal farming. The prospect to exploit hulless barley is regarded as a promising trend of agricultural research, because its grain contains chemical compounds of higher value than those in hulled barley. However, among the limiting factors of hulless barley cultivation, low yield should be mentioned, along with poor lodging resistance and susceptibility to fungal diseases. Therefore, the task of searching for and comprehensive studying of source material for hulless barley breeding is essential as the first step towards the development of high-yielding and adaptable cultivars.Materials and methods. Twenty hulless barley accessions, representing 15 botanical varieties, served as the target material for the study. Their genotypes were evaluated in the northern forest steppe environments of Tyumen Province (2015– 2017) according to the guidelines developed by the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) and field trial methods by B. A. Dospekhov. Correlation analysis was used for statistical processing of experimental data.Results and conclusion. The degree of interactions between the studied characters was measured, and their effect size in the formation of the yield was shown for hulless barley accessions. An inverse correlation of medium strength (r = –0.37) was observed between plant height and lodging resistance, and a direct relationship between plant height and yield was recorded (r = 0.37). The yield was most closely associated with grain weight per plant (r = 0.61) and 1000 grain weight (r = 0.54). The research results showed that C.I.10975 (k-30624, Ethiopia), Liguleless (k-29894, Tajikistan), Schwarze Nackte Kraftborn (k-25788, Germany) and ‘De printempe’ (k-23491, France) had relatively high yield combined with a number of other useful traits.

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“…Only eight genes from barley, including INT-C, Nud, vrs1, Vrs4, Btr1, Btr2, Bkn3 and HvAP2, have been molecularly cloned (Takahashi and Hayashi, 1964;Muller et al, 1995;Franckowiack and Konishi, 1997;Komatsuda and Mano, 2002;Santi et al, 2003;Komatsuda et al, 2007;Taketa et al, 2008;Ramsay et al, 2011;Houston et al, 2013;Koppolu et al, 2013;Taketa et al, 2013; Pourkheirandish et al, 2015;Yu et al, 2016). No genes related to spike morphology in rye have been cloned so far.…”

Section: Orthologs Of Spike Morphology Genes In Triticeae Tribementioning

confidence: 99%

Spike Morphology Genes in Wheat Species (TriticumL.)

Konopatskaia

Vavilova

Блинов

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.

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Contributed by Nikolay P. GoncharovThe review examines the state of knowledge on genes that control the architectonics of wheat plant (spike morphology). It is shown that molecular genetic studies, which have been recently started, allow to find both the orthologous genes from relative species of wheat (barley, rye, etc.) and genes that were not previously used for breeding. Use of these genes for further breeding allows to produce modern wheat commercial cultivars. Key words: spike morphology, plant architecture, gene, wheat species, Triticum. per, we present current knowledge of the agronomically important spike morphology traits in wheat (subtribe Frumentaceae Dum., tribe Triticeae) and explore some of the recent findings in the area of identification of the genes underlying the spike morphology traits. SPIKE MORPHOLOGY TRAITS IN WHEAT SPECIESThe spike is one of the most important parts of a wheat plant. It includes the reproductive organs, produces the seeds, and ensures dispersal of the mature grains. Spike morphology greatly affects breeding, harvest procedures and the yield. Spikes of wheat species differ in several morphological characteristics, including threshability, the presence or absence of awns, spike shape, spike shattering, spike branching and supernumerary spikelets spike (Fig. 1).Threshability. Easy threshing ability is mainly dependent on the tenacity of the glumes covering the grains. The wild species possess hulled grains (syn. non free-threshing), which are covered by a tough glume that remains adhered to the grain after the threshing (Dorofeev and Korovina, 1979). Naked or free-threshing seeds of cultivated wheat species are rounded by soft glumes which release during threshing ( Fig. 1). Wheat varieties with free-threshing seeds appeared during domestication and significantly advanced the efficiency of the threshing process and led to wheat becoming a major crop all over the world (Zhang et al., 2011).The presence or absence of awns. Awns are the threadlike extensions of the lemma. They have photosynthetic function, increase the assimilation of water, and may promote high yield of wheat grown under water-limited conditions (Reynolds and Tuberosa, 2008;Maydup et al., 2010) (Fig. 1). Several comparative studies of the grain yield advantage in awned and awnless lines gave conflicting results. The comprehensive investigation of Rebetzke et al. (2016) showed that awned near-isogenic lines are characterised by slightly greater grain yield due to increased kernel size and reduced screening. It was also demonstrated that awnless wheats with acceptable yield and quality have provide advantage in more favourable environments and future changing climates.In diploid wheat species T. urartu Thum. ex Gandil., T. monococcum, and T. boeoticum Boiss., only awned spikes have been identified to date, but only T. sinskajae A. Filat. et Kurk. has awnless spikes (Dorofeev and Korovina, 1979). Among tetraploid wheat species, all except T. aethiopicum Jakubz. awnless forms were obtained by hybridisation wit...

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A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Nud Converts the Caryopsis Type of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Conversion of hulled into naked barley by Cas endonuclease-mediated knockout of the NUD gene

Conversion of hulled into naked barley by Cas endonuclease-mediated knockout of the NUD gene

Sources of characters useful for breeding in hulless barley

Spike Morphology Genes in Wheat Species (TriticumL.)

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