A Single Reversed-Phase UPLC Method for Quantification of Levofloxacin in Aqueous Humour and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

Abstract

An attempt was made to develop a single, rapid, specific, and sensitive gradient reversed-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method for quantitative analysis of levofloxacin. The single method thus developed is applied for the quantification of levofloxacin both in aqueous humour as well as pharmaceutical dosage forms (i.e., tablets and eye drops). The newly developed method is applicable for pharmacokinetic studies of eye formulations. The chromatographic separation of levofloxacin was achieved on a Waters Acquity HSS T-3 column (100 x 2.1 mm, 1.8 microm) within a short run-time of 5 min. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines with respect to system suitability, linearity, limit of quantitation and detection, precision, accuracy, robustness, and specificity. Forced degradation studies were also performed in levofloxacin bulk drug samples to demonstrate the stability-indicating power of the developed ultra-performance liquid chromatography method. The developed method was then successfully applied for the ocular pharmacokinetic study of levofloxacin eye formulations and assay of levofloxacin pharmaceutical dosage form.

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Voriconazole: Comparison of Bioassay with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

“…This method gives the possibility to evaluate potency and monitor the biological activity of voriconazole in patients (32). Voriconazole level in plasma, following the administration of multiple oral or intravenous doses, varies from 1.0 to 5.5 µg/mL (20,33), which are within the limits in which the bioassay method was linear (0.25 -16 µg/mL) in this study.…”

Analytical methods for determination of new fluoroquinolones in biological matrices and pharmaceutical formulations by liquid chromatography: a review

“…The stock solutions of the new fluoroquinolones, used for the validation of liquid chromatographic methods, have been prepared in several solvents: water, methanol, acetonitrile and a mixture of water/methanol or water/acetonitrile [54][55][56][57][58]. In some cases, to deviate from neutral pH and thus enhance solubility in water, a basic solution (NaOH) was added in the preparation of LEV and SPA stock solutions, whereas for GAT, MOX, TRO and ULI an acid (HCl, formic acid, orthophophoric acid) or a phosphate buffer at pH 3 were also used [59][60][61][62][63][64][65].…”

“…In the case of LEV, Gupta et al [58] found minimal drug degradation in 1 N HCl and considerable drug degradation under oxidation with 30% H 2 O 2 and under reduction conditions with 10% of Na 2 S 2 O 5 , always at room temperature. Gupta et al [73] achieved similar results for SPA although the samples were submitted to the above conditions for different times (8 h as opposed to 12 h in the case of LEV).…”

“…Compared with plasma and urine, aqueous humour is relatively poor of salts and proteins, being constituted by approximately 99% of water [64]. Therefore, this fluid can be directly injected into the chromatographic system or after being diluted [58,64]. Microdialysates are collected directly from the interstitial space fluid of the target tissues by recent microdialysis techniques; their sample volumes are small and they consist of an isotonic aqueous medium free of proteins.…”

Application of surface plasmon resonance of citrate capped silver nanoparticles for the selective determination of some fluoroquinolone drugs

“…The other studied drugs are not official in either pharmacopoeia. Non official methods reported for the determination of the studied drugs included titrimetric (Kiliç et al, 1994;, spectrophotometric (Fratiniand Schapoval, 1996;Abdel-Gawad et al, 1998;Rajasekaran et al, 1998;Basavaiahand Prameela, 2002;El-Brashy et al, 2004;El-Brashy et al, 2005;Al-Momani, 2006;Sultan, 2009;Siddiqui et al, 2010;Jain et al, 2011;Ayad et al, 2012;ElHawaryand Al-Gethami, 2012;Tarkase et al, 2012), Spectrofluorimetric (Jelikić-Stankov et al, 1999;Navalón et al, 2000;Rizk et al, 2000;El-Kommos et al, 2003;Salem, 2005;Kaur et al, 2010;Shah et al, 2013), electrochemical (Belaland ElDin, 1990;Tamer, 1990;Avsecand Gomišček, 1992;Ni et al, 2006), IR (Parent et al, 2004), NMR (Sakai et al, 1999), separation techniques (Wang et al, 1997;Schenckand Callery, 1998;Fierens et al, 2000;González et al, 2005;Gupta et al, 2010;Sousa et al, 2012). Recently, noble metal nanoparticlesbased UV-visible spectrometric methods have drawn special attention for selective and sensitive reorganization of target species (inorganic, organic and biomolecules) in various complex matrices (Vilela et al, 2012).…”