A Six Sensor Array of Coated-Wire Electrodes for Use in a Portable Flow Injection Analyzer

Recent trends in potentiometric sensor arrays—A review

“…Miniaturisation of sensors may reduce significantly the required sample volume [6,69,70] which may be important in the analysis of biological samples like sweat [71]. However, the most appropriate format is an integrated sensor array which may be easily combined with a microliter volume flow cell to detect various species in a small sample volume [10,55,72,73].…”

“…Miniaturised sensors based on ISFETs, solid-contact or screen-printed electrodes may be placed in parallel or on a single substrate in a flow-through cell thus minimising the whole set-up and required sample volume. But in these cases the number of sensors normally does not exceed 6-8 [55,6]. The active site of a LAPS device where the photocurrent is generated is defined by a spot of the illuminating light.…”

“…Among different kinds of sensors that may be used in arrays [3][4][5] potentiometric sensors based on ion-selective electrodes have certain advantages [6][7][8][9] like rapid response, reproducibility, and simple measuring technique. Potentiometric sensor arrays may be used for classification and analysis of complex samples (biological probes, clinical and food samples, etc.)…”

“…where traditional analytical methods require sample pre-treatment in order to decrease interferences and the sample matrix effect. For these applications there exists a large variety of ion sensors based on polymeric [10,11,6,7] or solid-state membranes [12,8,9] that can be used in an array format.…”

A micro-sized PVC membrane Li+-selective electrode without internal filling solution and its medical applications

“…Innovations in the fabrication technology have been recently attracting attentions of the numerous researchers to ionselective electrodes (ISEs) for obtaining robust and miniaturized electrodes, and flow-through cells as detectors in ion chromatography [1][2][3][4][5] and flow injection analysis (FIA) [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Classical PVC membrane ISEs with internal filling solution have obstacles for the miniaturisation process.…”