A Smart ANN-Based Converter for Efficient Bidirectional Power Flow in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EV) are promising alternate fuel technologies to curtail vehicular emissions. A modeling framework in a hybrid electric vehicle system with a joint analysis of EV in powering and regenerative braking mode is introduced. Bidirectional DC–DC converters (BDC) are important for widespread voltage matching and effective for recovery of feedback energy. BDC connects the first voltage source (FVS) and second voltage source (SVS), and a DC-bus voltage at various levels is implemented. The main objectives of this work are coordinated control of the DC energy sources of various voltage levels, independent power flow between both the energy sources, and regulation of current flow from the DC-bus to the voltage sources. Optimization of the feedback control in the converter circuit of HEV is designed using an artificial neural network (ANN). Applicability of the EV in bidirectional power flow management is demonstrated. Furthermore, the dual-source low-voltage buck/boost mode enables independent power flow management between the two sources—FVS and SVS. In both modes of operation of the converter, drive performance with an ANN is compared with a conventional proportional–integral control. Simulations executed in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate low steady-state error, peak overshoot, and settling time with the ANN controller.

ANN-Based Reliability Enhancement of SMPS Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors in Cold Environments

“…The results indicate that the ANN controller significantly improves performance compared to conventional methods, as demonstrated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations. These simulations underscore the effectiveness of the ANN controller in diminishing the steady-state error, peak overshoot, and settling time during both vehicle powering and regenerative braking modes [32]. These papers, as a whole, propose that the statistical feature engineering method and artificial neural network implementation can be utilized to monitor the status of aluminum electrolytic capacitors and forecast their lifespan and ensure their dependability.…”

Grid-Vehicle-Grid (G2V2G) Efficient Power Transmission: An Overview of Concept, Operations, Benefits, Concerns, and Future Challenges

“…In the last few years, it has been seen that researchers develop conversion strategies for EVs that can transmit in two directions. Conversion of bidirectional energy flow for HEV applications was analyzed in [41], and good agreement was reached when transferring voltages from different DC voltage levels. The three-phase charging converter (AC-DC), DC-DC Bi-directional converter, and discharging technique were overviewed in [42] and presented convincing efficiency for PHEVs.…”

A Novel Hybrid Approach for Power Quality Improvement in a Vehicle-to-Grid Setup Using Droop-ANN Model

“…As renewable energy sources continue to grow in popularity, the power grid will face difficulties due to a lack of frequency response capability. Due to their unique combination of portable energy storage and adjustable loads, electric vehicles (EVs) can be a reliable capacity resource for frequency control [6]. A danger to system frequency stability is posed by message latency between electric vehicles because they are a distributed resource for regulating frequency.…”

“…The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the electricity grid as mobile energy storage units enabled by vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology could change the energy sector by increasing the usage of renewable energy sources and improving grid stability [6]. However, the introduction of EVs may generate power quality difficulties, such as voltage and frequency oscillations, which could jeopardize the grid's stability and dependability.…”