A smart market for nutrient credit trading to incentivize wetland construction

Liu

et al. 2022

Journal of Mathematics

Recent advances in data analysis and processing methods can improve the ability of computational applications to perform complex steps of different tasks. With the progress of information and communication technologies (ICT), Blockchain-based complex data processing for transaction analysis and smart contract agreement has become a new research area in the fields of mathematics and computation. Stability of financial sector based on the ICT is a core component for growing the economics of medium and small enterprises. This stability brings the innovation to businesses productivity, while the management of information takes more prospective for improving the efficiency and more ways for innovating the business of products. In this study, we use the autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) model with Blockchain-based complex data processing approach to emphasize the role of ICT in the field of trade credit maintainability. Actually, the ICT connects the industries in the entire world and makes business sectors that use its technologies be more advanced. Based on the ARDL model conducted on the records gathered from 2000 to 2019, the analysis concludes that the ICT-based complex data processing is a critical component of trade credit. The statistics of ICT are chosen based on the economy penetrations through the Internet and mobile phones. The causality exposed between the trade credit and ICT is bidirectional in nature. Also, it is found that the usage of mobile phones has a substantial influence on the business sectors, as a substantial amount of trading and business transactions are conducted over the phone. Therefore, the primary concern is the association between the Blockchain and trade credit, which is thoroughly discussed in this work. The trade credit improves the stability of financial sector and the Blockchain supports its maintainability by the role of ICT. The results of the study can help the business stakeholders and investors to estimate the marketing for future useful execution.

Section: Overview Of Trade Credit In Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] A Blockchain Technique for Trade Credit Maintainability Using the Role of Information and Communication Technology

Liu

et al. 2022

Journal of Mathematics

“…Payment types Contract durations [16,28,35,37,41,52,55,56,63,[73][74][75]82,88,90,94,[96][97][98][99][100]102,105,109,110,114,115,118,121,126,132,133,136,137,140,142,143,146,149,150,152,153,158,[161][162][163][166][167][168][169]176,177,…”

Section: Commodities Trading Methods Buyers and Sellersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutional Design and Performance of Markets for Watershed Ecosystem Services: A Systematic Literature Review

Wang¹,

Meijerink²,

Krabben³

2020

Sustainability

Markets for watershed ecosystem services have been developed as a tool in integrated water resources management. The development of vast markets for watershed ecosystem services has raised attention for the performance of these markets, their institutional design, and how their institutional design influences market performance. The main research questions guiding this systematic literature review are: Which types of markets can be distinguished; how is market performance operationalized; which institutional design characteristics are distinguished in the literature; and which of these characteristics are crucial to understanding performance? A systematic review of 224 journal articles from Web of Science leads to several main findings regarding these questions. Market performance is usually equated with effectiveness in the reviewed articles. Discussions in these articles include whether the market contributes to the preservation of ecosystem services, what the distributional impacts are, and what the participation rate is. The reviewed articles have illustrated specific institutional design features as well. The key features include the security of property rights, role of governments, bundling of ecosystem services (ES), and role of trust. In those articles addressing the relationship between institutional design and performance, the relevance of monitoring and enforcement, clearly defined property rights, and geographical market scope have been pointed out.

“…A cap-and-trade 'smart market' multilateral trading framework has been proposed that can account for spatial variation in the cost-effectiveness of abatement actions and provide easy ('low transaction cost') market access to facilitate trading (Prabodanie et al 2010(Prabodanie et al , 2014Raffensperger et al 2017). Smart markets can handle biophysical and hydrological heterogeneity across a catchment, and set appropriate spatially-specific prices for supply and purchase of pollutant emission rights that reflect the spatiallyspecific impact of emissions from different locations on receiving water quality (Prabodanie et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A smart market is an auction mechanism based on an optimisation model that was first demonstrated by McCabe et al (1991). In the context of nitrogen regulation, a smart market is a centrally managed, online marketplace where a periodic auction is cleared using an optimisation process that maximises the gains from trade on receipt of bid-to-buy and offer-to-sell schedules in nitrogen loading rights at the receptor from market participants (Prabodanie et al 2010;Raffensperger et al 2017). Optimisation is implemented via a linear programming model that incorporates relevant spatial heterogeneity in nitrogen retention by ensuring that, in aggregate, trades do not exceed the desired nitrogen load cap at a single or multiple receptors (Prabodanie et al 2010;The Wetlands Initiative 2014;Raffensperger et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tradeable Nitrogen Abatement Practices for Diffuse Agricultural Emissions: A ‘Smart Market’ Approach

Hasan

Hansen

Smart

et al. 2022

Environ Resource Econ

Markets in pollution permits for managing environmental quality have been advocated by economists since early 1970s as a mechanism that can deliver pollution reduction targets at lower cost to regulated entities than traditional uniform command-and control approaches. This study explores whether a ‘smart market’ cap-and-trade scheme between non-point sources can offer meaningful, robust and policy amenable, advantages over alternative approaches for nitrogen management in a realistic setting: 6504 individual farms in Limfjorden catchment, Denmark. The scheme involves multilateral trading of nitrogen emission rights among farms via changes in agricultural land management practices under a catchment-level cap on total nitrogen load. In this, the first exploration of non-point to non-point smart market nitrogen trading in a real setting, we estimate efficiency gains compared to uniform command-and-control regulation, explore the robustness of these gains in the face of non-participation, and reflect on farmers’ potential acceptance of the trading market in comparison with its command-and-control analog: spatially-targeted regulation, implemented via location-specific limits on nitrogen leaching. Results indicate that the smart market has the potential to substantially reduce the cost of meeting the catchment’s nitrogen reduction target. For a 21.5% reduction from baseline nitrogen load, the market delivers cost savings of 56% (DKK273 million, €36.6 million) compared to uniform regulation, with participating farms realising a mean net benefit of DKK 723/ha (€ 97/ha). Market performance is relatively robust against transaction cost; when delivering a 21.5% reduction in nitrogen load to Limfjorden, approximately 70% of the overall efficiency gain could be retained if only 24% of farms engaged with the market.