A Solid-State Charge Detector With Gain Calibration Using Photocurrent

Song, Yong Won; Rozsa, Jace; Magalhaes, Joan Barros de; Smith, Scott C.; Karlinsey, Benjamin; Kinnison, Whitney; Gustafson, Elaura; Austin, Daniel E.; Hawkins, Aaron R.; Chiang, Shiuh–hua Wood

doi:10.1109/tim.2020.3003109

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The white box outlines the amplifier core including the comparator, SR latches, charge pump, load capacitor, feedback capacitors, and clock generator which all together occupy 409 μm × 311 μm. Due to the use of the digital components, the proposed charge amplifier area is about 2.4× smaller compared to our previous-generation analog amplifier [9] in the same process. The amplifier consumes a total of 2.19 mW from a 1.8-V supply and the output buffer operates under a 3.3-V supply.…”

Section: Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The amplifier remains functional down to 0.72 V. The power breakdown is as follows: We use a previously described opto-electronic system (Fig. 8) [9] to generate a tunable pA-level current and inject it into the amplifier. We can then calculate the charge-to-voltage gain based on the integration time and amplifier output.…”

Section: Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The digital-based circuits offer a high gain, consume low power, and occupy a small area. Since bandwidth is not critical in 473 our target application of charge measurement of Mars dust particles[9] but noise is important, we have purposely set a low charge pump current to minimize the ripple voltage.476 Future designs may incorporate a multi-bit charge pump 477 current source to relax the trade-off between the bandwidth 478 and ripple voltage. The proposed work demonstrates that…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Digital-Assisted Charge Amplifier: A Digital-Based Approach to Charge Amplification

Song

Smith

Karlinsey

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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A charge amplifier incorporates digital circuits as 1 an alternative to the classic analog amplifier to achieve a high 2 open-loop gain to maintain a consistent closed-loop gain over 3 input capacitance variations. The digital-assisted charge amplifier 4 employs a comparator, digital control logic, differential charge 5 pump, current sources, common-mode feedback, and clock gen-6 erator. A detailed analysis studies the amplifier stability and 7 trade-off between ripple voltage and settling speed. A novel two-8 step reset scheme and tri-state charge pump minimize the output 9 offset due to ripple residues. Fabricated in a 180-nm CMOS 10 process, the digital-assisted amplifier achieves an open-loop gain 11 of 101 dB, closed-loop gain of 15.0 µV/e-, input-referred noise of 12 221 erms, and output swing of 3 V while consuming 2.19 mW. 13 The amplifier also demonstrates the ability to amplify a dynamic 14 input current using a custom opto-electronic test setup. The 15 amplifier maintains a consistent closed-loop gain across parasitic 16

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Section: Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Digital-Assisted Charge Amplifier: A Digital-Based Approach to Charge Amplification

Song

Smith

Karlinsey

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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“…The amplifier, in conjunction with the negative feedback capacitor C 2 and C 1 , forms an inverting stage with an AC gain of approximately -C 1 /C 2 for voltages [6], [19]. Alternatively, the configuration can be viewed as a Charge Sensitive Amplifier (CSA) with its transfer equation given by:…”

Section: A Operation Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indirect sensing is frequently used when high dynamic range, radiation hardness, and sensitivity are needed, like in photomultipliers or PMTs with a scintillator for converting energetic particles into low-energy photons. Direct sensing, on the other hand, is based on absorbing the radiation in photodiodes or by direct charge (current) measurement with a conducting electrode acting as input to the detection electronics, also known as Faraday detection [6]. High-aspectratio (depth/width) cup geometries or Faraday cages are prevalent and serve to capture ions while minimizing scattering losses efficiently [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rad-Hard On-Chip CMOS Charge Detector With High Dynamic Range

Sáenz-Noval,

Leñero-Bardallo,

Carmona-Galán

et al. 2023

IEEE Sensors J.

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This article introduces a CMOS charge detector tailored for measuring ionizing radiation in a wide range of fluences. It represents an entirely on-chip solution based on capacitive sensing. It was fabricated using a standard 0.18 µm CMOS process and employs Metalinsulator-Metal (MiM) capacitor arrays to attain high matching, low leakage, and minimal process variations. The sensing area was radhardened with a post-CMOS layer of metal deposited with a Focus Ion Beam (FIB) that removes the use of external metallic plates. Experimental testing under the electron beam of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) demonstrated radiation hardness at energies up to 10 keV, with a very high dynamic range of up to 138 dB (externally adjustable), and with a sensitivity of 1.43 µV/e − . By harnessing the detection of relative charge variations instead of relying on absolute values, this approach proves highly suitable for particle event detection and facilitates future integrations compatible with the Address Event Representation (AER) communication protocol.

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Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Atmospheric Dust on Mars

Gustafson,

Hales,

Caldwell

et al. 2024

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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Mars dust is a dominant feature of the planet's atmosphere and climate, and this dust is likely charged due to natural phenomena such as dust devils and storms. Dust size is also an important characteristic as it pertains to both climatology and risk to current and future Mars exploration. Charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) is a technique based on both image charge detection and particle time-of-flight capable of measuring both the charge and mass of individual Mars dust grains. Measurement of these characteristics can be used to determine the particle size distribution. In this work, we report the development of a CDMS instrument made of a printed circuit board (PCB) array for the analysis of microparticles in the Martian atmosphere. Ion optic simulations show that the optimal size range for dust grains analyzed by this device is between 0.2 and 1.5 μm in diameter. Laboratory experiments using three different types of microparticles (derived from Mojave Mars Simulant-1, olivine, and chalkboard dust) show that particles having more than 1500 elementary charges of either polarity can be detected. The average particle velocity measured using time-of-flight for the olivine sample was 24.9 ± 0.4 m/s within the instrument, although different inlet designs or conditions will yield different measurement velocities.

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A Solid-State Charge Detector With Gain Calibration Using Photocurrent

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

The Digital-Assisted Charge Amplifier: A Digital-Based Approach to Charge Amplification

The Digital-Assisted Charge Amplifier: A Digital-Based Approach to Charge Amplification

A Rad-Hard On-Chip CMOS Charge Detector With High Dynamic Range

Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Atmospheric Dust on Mars

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