A Solvate Ionic Liquid as the Anolyte for Aqueous Rechargeable Li–O<sub>2</sub> Batteries

Wang, Hui; Sunahiro, Shogo; Matsui, Masaki; Zhang, Peng; Takeda, Yasuo; Yamamoto, Osamu; Imanishi, Nobuyuki

doi:10.1002/celc.201500113

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Kinetic models and physical arguments indicate that 2D growth should occur when the critical island size ( L crit ) is greater than the separation between 2D nuclei ( L s ). To fulfil this condition, enhancing the surface diffusivity of D and nucleation density (decreasing L s ) or reducing the magnitude of the Ehrlich–Schwoebel barrier ( E e–s ) by the surfactant (increasing L crit ) are promising methods, which can be realized by the addition of halogenated salts20 or enhancing the operating temperature24. Yang et al 25.…”

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confidence: 99%

A reversible dendrite-free high-areal-capacity lithium metal electrode

et al. 2017

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Reversible dendrite-free low-areal-capacity lithium metal electrodes have recently been revived, because of their pivotal role in developing beyond lithium ion batteries. However, there have been no reports of reversible dendrite-free high-areal-capacity lithium metal electrodes. Here we report on a strategy to realize unprecedented stable cycling of lithium electrodeposition/stripping with a highly desirable areal-capacity (12 mAh cm−2) and exceptional Coulombic efficiency (>99.98%) at high current densities (>5 mA cm−2) and ambient temperature using a diluted solvate ionic liquid. The essence of this strategy, that can drastically improve lithium electrodeposition kinetics by cyclic voltammetry premodulation, lies in the tailoring of the top solid-electrolyte interphase layer in a diluted solvate ionic liquid to facilitate a two-dimensional growth mode. We anticipate that this discovery could pave the way for developing reversible dendrite-free metal anodes for sustainable battery chemistries.

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confidence: 99%

A reversible dendrite-free high-areal-capacity lithium metal electrode

et al. 2017

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“…% DOL electrolyte was reported to supress lithium dendrite formation at room temperature and high current density. 17 A 200 μm lithium foil was used as the anode. The contact area of the lithium anode with the interlayer electrolyte was 1.13 cm 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Specific Energy Density Aqueous Lithium-Metal Chloride Rechargeable Batteries

Morita¹,

Watanabe²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Here we show the feasibility of a novel high energy density battery with a Li anode and a MCl 2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) aqueous cathode separated by a water-stable NASICON-type lithium-ion conducting solid electrolyte of Li 1.4 Al 0.4 Ge 0.2 Ti 1.4 (PO 4 ) 3 (LAGTP). The Li/MCl 2 (M = Co, Ni, and Zn) aqueous solution with LiCl cells were successfully charged and discharged. In contrast, the Li/MCl 2 (M = Fe and Cu) cells were discharged, but they could not be charged, because FeCl 2 and CuCl 2 reacted with lithium-ions to produce an insoluble compound. The Li/CoCl 2 and Li/NiCl 2 cells showed discharge cathode capacities of 326 and 412 mAh g −1 at 60 • C and 4.0 m A cm −2 , respectively, which correspond to 78 and 100% to the theoretical capacity, respectively. The estimated specific energy densities calculated using the mass of cell components with a 0.1 mm thick LAGTP separator (except the packaging) were 617 and 670 Wh kg −1 for the Li/CoCl 2 and Li/NiCl 2 cells, respectively, which are approximately two times higher than those for conventional lithium-ion batteries. Electrical vehicles (EVs) are considered to reduce CO 2 emissions and the consumption of fossil fuels because the total energy conversation efficiency of batteries is higher than that of internal combustion (IC) engines.1 However, the driving range of commercialized EVs with the current lithium-ion batteries is considerably lower than that of vehicles with IC engines because the specific energy density for the lithium-ion battery is too low compared with the IC engine.2 The calculated specific energy density of a gasoline engine for automotive applications is estimated to be around 1700 Wh kg −1 , determined using the reaction heat of gasoline and a tank to wheel efficiency of 12.6%.2 The theoretical specific mass and volume energy densities calculated for a lithium-ion battery based on a carbon anode and a LiCoO 2 based cathode are 387 Wh kg −1 and 1015 Wh dm −3 , respectively, 3,4 the former of which is around one fourth of that for the IC engine. Many types of battery systems beyond lithium-ion batteries have been proposed, such as lithium-sulfur and lithium-air rechargeable batteries.3,5-9 The lithium-sulfur battery is a very attractive battery system because of its high theoretical energy density (ca. 2600 Wh kg −1 and 2199 Wh dm −3 ). 3,5 However, even after several decades' research and development, the lithium-sulfur battery has still not reached mass commercialization. Several problems inherent in the cell chemistry remain, such as poor electrode rechargeability and limited rate capability due to the insulative nature of sulfur and the solid reaction products, and fast capacity fade due to the generation of various soluble polysulfide intermediates. The calculated energy densities for the non-aqueous lithium-air cell are as high as 3505 Wh kg −1 and 3436 Wh dm −3 . 3 The specific mass energy density is quite attractive for the power source in EVs and interest has expanded rapidly in recent years. Although significant progress has be...

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“…Imanishi and co-workers 19 also reported that a solvated ionic liquid of G4 and LiFSI shows excellent cycling performance for lithium deposition and stripping at 60°C. The Li/LiFSI-2G4/Li cell showed no dendrite formation at 6.0 mA cm ¹2 and 60°C for 2 h polarization of charge and discharge after 16 cycles, where the specific area capacity was 12 mAh cm ¹2 .…”

Section: ¹2mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…There has been several approaches to suppress lithium dendrite formation, such as improving the mechanical properties of the SEI by adjusting the electrolyte composition, [38][39][40] exploiting a self-healing electrostatic mechanism, 16 and using a solvent with a high content of lithium salt. [17][18][19] The structural rigidity of a SEI layer modified with additives cannot be sustained during extended deposition and stripping. The self-healing electrostatic mechanism is quite attractive, 16 where at low concentration, selected cations (such as cesium or rubidium ions) exhibit an effective reduction potential below the standard reduction potential of lithium.…”

Section: Lithium Dendrite Formation From Liquid Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Zhang and co-workers 18 also reported that a copper-lithium cell with a high concentration lithium salt liquid electrolyte of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in DME could be cycled at 4 mA cm ¹2 for more than 1000 cycles with an average coulombic efficiency of 98.4% at room temperature. Imanishi and co-workers 19 presented a successful result for the lithium metal anode in a solvated ionic liquid of LiFSI-tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (G4) at 60°C. An alternative approach is to mechanically suppress the growth of lithium dendrite formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithium Dendrite Formation on a Lithium Metal Anode from Liquid, Polymer and Solid Electrolytes

2016

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Lithium metal is the most attractive anode material for batteries because of its high specific capacity (3861 mAh g −1 ) and low negative potential (−3.04 V vs. NHE). However, lithium dendrite growth during lithium deposition leads to serious safety problems and poor cycling performance. The conventional liquid electrolyte used in lithium-ion batteries results in significant lithium dendrite formation at room temperature and a high current density. Thus, there has been much research effort to achieve the suppression of lithium dendrite formation. Recently, a new class of non-aqueous liquid electrolyte with a high concentration of lithium salts, such as solvated ionic liquid and solvent-in-salt electrolytes, has been reported to suppress lithium dendrite formation. Solid polymer electrolytes have been known to suppress lithium dendrite formation; however, the low lithium ion conductivity and high interface resistance between lithium and the polymer electrolyte at room temperature limits their use for conventional batteries. The interface resistance was significantly decreased by the addition of an ionic liquid into a polymer electrolyte and lithium dendrite formation was suppressed. A theoretical analysis predicted that if a homogenous solid electrolyte with a shear modulus of 6 GPa was obtained, then the lithium dendrite problem would be solved. However, some lithium conducting solid electrolytes such as Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 still exhibit lithium dendrite formation. In this review, we introduce the recent status of lithium dendrite formation on lithium metal in contact with liquid, solid polymer, and solid electrolytes.

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A Solvate Ionic Liquid as the Anolyte for Aqueous Rechargeable Li–O₂ Batteries

Cited by 34 publications

References 46 publications

A reversible dendrite-free high-areal-capacity lithium metal electrode

A reversible dendrite-free high-areal-capacity lithium metal electrode

High Specific Energy Density Aqueous Lithium-Metal Chloride Rechargeable Batteries

Lithium Dendrite Formation on a Lithium Metal Anode from Liquid, Polymer and Solid Electrolytes

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A Solvate Ionic Liquid as the Anolyte for Aqueous Rechargeable Li–O2 Batteries

Cited by 34 publications

References 46 publications

A reversible dendrite-free high-areal-capacity lithium metal electrode

A reversible dendrite-free high-areal-capacity lithium metal electrode

High Specific Energy Density Aqueous Lithium-Metal Chloride Rechargeable Batteries

Lithium Dendrite Formation on a Lithium Metal Anode from Liquid, Polymer and Solid Electrolytes

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A Solvate Ionic Liquid as the Anolyte for Aqueous Rechargeable Li–O₂ Batteries