A source study of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Shenzhen, South China

Liu, Guoqing; Tong, Yen H.; Luong, John H. T.; Zhang, Hong; Sun, Hong‐Bo

doi:10.1007/s10661-009-0862-4

Cited by 44 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It has been documented that PAH are often adhered to PM2.5 and PM10 in urban atmosphere (Stracquadanio et al 2007), and associated either with vehicle emissions in urban areas (Johnsen and Karlson 2007;Halek et al 2009) or coal (Liu et al 2009), tar or petroleum combustion (Johnsen and Karlson 2007). The concentration of PAH in ambient air very often reflects these pollution sources and the sink of PAH is very often the soil, sediment or surface waters; also, high concentration of PAH was found in the blackish deposits of roadsides (Jensen et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban and rural limestone weathering; the contribution of dust to black crust formation

Török

Licha

Simon³

et al. 2010

Environ Earth Sci

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A novel approach of studying dust, black crust and host limestones by using various techniques is presented in this paper. Samples were collected from limestone monuments located in rural, urban and industrial areas in Germany and Hungary. The paper focuses on differences in the mineralogical composition, major and trace element distribution of materials and their total polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) concentration having different exposure to air pollutants. High concentration of gypsum was found in laminar and dendritic black crusts and even in the dust of both urban and rural areas, despite the low concentration of SO 2 in rural atmospheric environments. The black crusts show a typical microfabric with distinct layers of various gypsum-calcite mineral associations, silt-sized mineral fragments and black particle content. In dust, newly formed gypsum crystals were found along with mineral fragments, and siliceous and, less frequently, carbonaceous fly ash particles. High concentration of lead was found both in the samples of urban and rural areas of Germany and Hungary. Lead mostly accumulates in dust and also in the black crust. Highest lead concentrations were found not on the surface of the black crust, but close to the crust/limestone boundary according to LA-ICPMS analyses. It indicates that despite the ban of leaded petrol, lead is still present in the dust and the in the soiled zones of the built environment. Similarly to lead, no significant difference in the total PAH content of dust and crust samples were found in the two countries. Dusts are equally enriched in PAH in both countries, whereas black crusts contain fewer amounts. Most of the aqueous extracts of the samples were saturated with respect to sulphate, which also indicate the presence of gypsum, whilst in some German samples unsaturated conditions were detected. In summary, by using a combination of these analytical techniques, it was possible to distinguish rural and urban samples and to outline the role of dust in bringing pollutants to the stone surface. It is suggested that the analysed dust and stone samples indicate not only present, but also the past, pollution fluxes and as a consequence stones similar to sediments or surface waters can be used as environment indicators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban and rural limestone weathering; the contribution of dust to black crust formation

Török

Licha

Simon³

et al. 2010

Environ Earth Sci

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“…Expanding car ownership, heavy traffic, and low-grade gasoline have made vehicles the leading source of air pollution in this area as in many other major cities in China. Although PAHs may be contributed from many sources, vehicle exhausts are considered to be the primary source in the major cities of Southeast China (Li et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2011). Several studies conducted in the Xiamen area during the last decade focused primarily on the particulate phase PAHs (Hong et al, 2007;Wu et al, 2009Wu et al, , 2010Wu et al, , 2012, while extremely limited data are available concerning the gaseous phase distribution of these compounds Zhao et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere of Two Subtropical Cities in Southeast China: Seasonal Variation and Gas/Particle Partitioning

Yang

Wang

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Eighteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in the gas and particle phase from four sites in two cities, Quanzhou and Xiamen, in Southeast China during January (winter), March (spring), August (summer) and November (fall) 2010. The total concentration in the gas phase ranged from 10.7 ± 2.4 to 507.8 ± 57.0 ng/m 3 , while in the particle phase between 1.4 ± 0.5 and 46.5 ± 19.1 ng/m 3 . The levels of total PAHs (gas + particle) were lower than those recorded for Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou in China. The seasonal variations of particle phase PAHs were similar to those cities, with high levels in fall-winter and low levels in spring-summer. However, much higher levels of gas phase PAHs were found in summer. Results of correlation studies illustrated that total suspended particle concentrations, ambient temperature and atmospheric mixing height had significant impact on the concentrations of atmospheric PAHs and accounted for the observed seasonal variations. Phenanthrene and fluorine were the most abundant compounds in the urban atmosphere during the sampling period, accounting for approximately 38.9 ± 12.4 and 15.3 ± 6.9%, respectively, of the total PAHs. A good positive relationship was obtained in the log-log plot of K p (the gas to particle partitioning coefficient) against P 0 L (the sub-cooled vapor pressure) with a shallow slope (from -0.836 to -0.6742) greater than -1. Potential sources of PAHs were investigated using diagnostic ratios, which reflected the major sources such as vehicular emissions and coal combustion, although other sources such as direct emissions from industrial activities and evaporation from urban soil and road dust also contributed. The cancer risk from residential oral exposure to atmospheric PAHs in Quanzhou was higher than that in Xiamen, which was much higher than the US EPA risk management criterion (1 × 10 -6 ) during the fall-winter sampling period.

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“…The first source was characterized by basite weathering tracers (Fe, Be, Co, V, Si, Cr, and Hg) and traffic-related molecular markers (Phe, Flu, Pyr, BaA, BbF, BkF, BaP, InP, DBA, and BP), representing traffic and associated resuspended road dust pollution. The second source contained e-waste recycling metals (a high loading of Cu and a moderate loading of Pb, Ni, Zn, Ag, and Au) with very typical coal and wood combustion profile characteristic of PAHs (high loading of Nap, Acy, Ace, Fl, Phe, Flu, and Chr and moderate loading of Pyr, BkF, BaP, InP, DBA, and BP) according to previous studies (Liu et al 2010;Wang et al 2015c), which can be generated in burning processes to recover valuable metals over coal grills. The third source, a recycling method without coal burning, was identified via the high loading of Ag, Zn, Sb, and Sn and the moderate loading of Pb, Ni, Cu, and Au.…”

Section: Concentration and Profile Of Pahs In The Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The assessment of source attribution of soil pollution in a typical e-waste recycling town and its surrounding regions using the combined organic and inorganic dataset

Luo

Xie

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Guiyu is a well-known electronic waste dismantling and recycling town in south China. Concentrations and distribution of the 21 mineral elements and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) collected there were evaluated. Principal component analyses (PCA) applied to the data matrix of PAHs in the soil extracted three major factors explaining 85.7% of the total variability identified as traffic emission, coal combustion, and an unidentified source. By using metallic or metalloid element concentrations as variables, five principal components (PCs) were identified and accounted for 70.4% of the information included in the initial data matrix, which can be denoted as e-waste dismantling-related contamination, two different geological origins, anthropogenic influenced source, and marine aerosols. Combining the 21 metallic and metalloid element datasets with the 16 PAH concentrations can narrow down the coarse source and decrease the unidentified contribution to soil in the present study and therefore effectively assists the source identification process.

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A source study of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Shenzhen, South China

Cited by 44 publications

References 43 publications

Urban and rural limestone weathering; the contribution of dust to black crust formation

Urban and rural limestone weathering; the contribution of dust to black crust formation

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere of Two Subtropical Cities in Southeast China: Seasonal Variation and Gas/Particle Partitioning

The assessment of source attribution of soil pollution in a typical e-waste recycling town and its surrounding regions using the combined organic and inorganic dataset

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