A Spanish Readability Formula

Spaulding, Seth

doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1956.tb02145.x

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Uno de los pasos previos a la ST es la identificación de palabras o frases complejas, que en la mayoría de los casos se hace de forma manual. Existen algunos índices de complejidad basados en ciertas características del texto y para esta investigación se estudiaron los índices "Spaulding's Spanish Readability" (SSR) [27], "Lexical Complexity" y "Sentence Complexity Index" (SCI) [28], descriptos a continuación:…”

Section: B Métricas De Complejidadunclassified

Estudio de la complejidad del Español para la simplificación textual

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Estrella

Castillo

et al. 2020

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La mayoría de los trabajos en el área de la simplificación textual se realizan sobre el idiomainglés por contar con más recursos lingüísticos y sobre el género periodístico. Sin embargo,por nuestro contexto, en este trabajo nos concentramos en estudiar y automatizar las métricasexistentes para medir complejidad léxica para el español, como paso previo a la identificaciónde frases complejas y su subsiguiente simplificación. Otro aspecto novedoso de este trabajoes la utilización de corpus relacionados a los derechos humanos, concretamente de laOrganización para las Naciones Unidas y del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas paralos Refugiados. Los aportes más significativos son: la creación de una herramienta de códigoabierto, que genera un informe sobre la complejidad de un texto dado con el fin de dar soportea quien esté interesado en simplificar ese texto, y la propuesta de una nueva métrica para medirla complejidad de manera multifacética. Los resultados obtenidos en los distintos experimentosrealizados son prometedores y en muchos casos confirman las hipótesis planteadas.

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Section: B Métricas De Complejidadunclassified

Estudio de la complejidad del Español para la simplificación textual

Camposa

Estrella

Castillo

et al. 2020

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“…In contrast to English, Spanish readability assessment has not seen any significant improvement in recent years, as most of the existing studies are still based on shallow features. SSR (Spaulding, ), a well‐known assessment tool for Spanish, is based on the analysis of sentence length and number of infrequent words per sentences, whereas LC and SCI (Anula, ) examine the density of low frequency words in texts. Other systems (Drndarević, Štajner, Bott, Bautista, & Saggion, ; Štajner & Saggion, ) incorporate strategies that combine the aforementioned methods to improve readability estimation.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is cross‐lingual readability assessment possible?

Azpiazu

Pera

2019

Asso for Info Science & Tech

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Most research efforts related to automatic readability assessment focus on the design of strategies that apply to a specific language. These state‐of‐the‐art strategies are highly dependent on linguistic features that best suit the language for which they were intended, constraining their adaptability and making it difficult to determine whether they would remain effective if they were applied to estimate the level of difficulty of texts in other languages. In this article, we present the results of a study designed to determine the feasibility of a cross‐lingual readability assessment strategy. For doing so, we first analyzed the most common features used for readability assessment and determined their influence on the readability prediction process of 6 different languages: English, Spanish, Basque, Italian, French, and Catalan. In addition, we developed a cross‐lingual readability assessment strategy that serves as a means to empirically explore the potential advantages of employing a single strategy (and set of features) for readability assessment in different languages, including interlanguage prediction agreement and prediction accuracy improvement for low‐resource languages.

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“…Many audiology-and otolaryngology-related terminology included in the questionnaires are considered "rare words" not appearing on this list, so PROMs with more challenging, obscure words, regardless of syllable count, would yield higher readability estimations on the basis of the Spaulding Formula compared with the Fry Graph and FernandezHuerta formulae. However, according to the Spaulding method, if a word is repeated four or more times within a text sample, the difficulty of the word is weighted lower, under the assumption the reader is becoming more familiar with the material with increased repetition and exposure (Spaulding, 1956). However, the audience may be unfamiliar with technical terminology regardless of the number of times the word is repeated, so a lower readability level might therefore be misleading in some cases with the Spaulding method.…”

Section: Variability Across Formulaementioning

confidence: 99%

Readability Level of Spanish-Language Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Audiology and Otolaryngology

et al. 2017

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the readability level of the Spanish versions of several audiology-and otolaryngology-related patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and include a readability analysis of 2 translation approaches when available-the published version and a "functionalist" version-using a team-based collaborative approach including community members. Method: Readability levels were calculated using the Fry Graph adapted for Spanish, as well as the FernandezHuerta and the Spaulding formulae for several commonly used audiology-and otolaryngology-related PROMs. Results: Readability calculations agreed with previous studies analyzing audiology-related PROMs in English and demonstrated many Spanish-language PROMs were beyond the 5th grade reading level suggested for healthrelated materials written for the average population. In addition, the functionalist versions of the PROMs yielded lower grade-level (improved) readability levels than the published versions. Conclusion: Our results suggest many of the Spanishlanguage PROMs evaluated here are beyond the recommended readability levels and may be influenced by the approach to translation. Moreover, improved readability may be possible using a functionalist approach to translation. Future analysis of the suitability of outcome measures and the quality of their translations should move beyond readability and include an evaluation of the individual's comprehension of the written text.

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A Spanish Readability Formula

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Estudio de la complejidad del Español para la simplificación textual

Estudio de la complejidad del Español para la simplificación textual

Is cross‐lingual readability assessment possible?

Readability Level of Spanish-Language Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Audiology and Otolaryngology

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