“…In computational design, extensive research has been conducted regarding deep learning in fields such as design optimization (e.g., size/shape/topology optimization), computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), computer-aided engineering (CAE), and meta-modeling, among others (Yoo et al, 2020). In particular, topology optimization is a research field that actively applies machine learning and deep learning (Lin & Lin, 2005;Sosnovik & Oseledets, 2017;Keshavarzzadeh et al, 2020;Roux et al, 2020). By definition, topology optimization is a methodology to determine the optimal distribution of material in a design space, given a set of load and boundary conditions.…”