A spectroscopic investigation into the setting and mechanical properties of titanium containing glass polyalkenoate cements

Abstract

Titanium (Ti) implants are extensively used in a number of biomedical and dental applications.This work introduces Ti into the glass phase of a zinc based Glass Polyalkenoate Cement (GPC) and investigates changes in handling and mechanical properties considering two molecular weight polyacrylic acids (PAA), E9 and E11. Considering the handling properties, the working time (T w ) increased from 50s E9 , 32s E11 (BT 101, Ti-free) to 169s E9 , 74s E11 with TW-Z (highest Ti content) respectively. The setting time (T s ) increased from 76s E9 , 47s E11 (BT 101) to 303s E9 , 232s E11 with TW-Z respectively. Ti was also found to have a significant increase on both compressive (σ c ) and biaxial flexural strength (σ f ), where σ c increased from 36 MPa E9 , 56 MPa

The bioactivity and ion release of titanium-containing glass polyalkenoate cements for medical applications

“…Figure 5 shows the SA of the cements over 1 & 30 days. these materials found that the Ti cements are more structurally stable when set than the Ti free cement, BT 101, which is the likely reason for the reduced loss in SA as compared to BT 101 [31] .…”

“…The bioactive response of a series of Ti substituted GPCs was evaluated to expand previous work which described the glass phase characterization [32] , mechanical properties and setting of these cements [31] . Initial testing was performed on the glass both before and after γ-sterilization.…”

“…Additional components of these Ti-GPCs include zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) which all have been reported in the literature to have positive metabolic effects on bone [24][25][26][27][28] , in addition Zn has also been reported to impart an antibacterial nature to the material [29,30] . Previous work on these cements has resulted in increasing the handling and mechanical properties compared to a Ti-free GPC of similar composition [31] . Characterization of the Ti-glass phase has also revealed that the addition of TiO 2 results in an increased concentration of Si-O-NBO species [32] .…”

Gallium containing glass polyalkenoate anti-cancerous bone cements: glass characterization and physical properties

“…Previous work by the authors has seen the development of a SiO 2 -CaO-SrO-ZnO based GPC series for orthopaedics, in particular for stabilization of osteoporotic vertebral augmentation such as Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty [29][30][31][32]. Some properties of these materials, including mechanical and rheological properties and bioactivity were further improved by subsequently substituting titanium (Ti) for the silica content within the glass phase [33][34][35].…”

Methotrexate-loaded glass ionomer cements for drug release in the skeleton: An examination of composition–property relationships

“…28 Until recently, the development of aluminum-free GICs that provide clinically useful handling (5-10 min of injectability) and strength (>30 MPa in compression) for VP and KP has proven challenging. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] In 2013, Dickey et al was the first group to publish germanium-inclusive zinc-based GICs with a range of properties that encompasses those required for these applications, marking a major advancement in the aluminum-free GIC literature, and the first set of clinically viable GICs for use in this regard. 27 In keeping with the emerging philosophy that injectable bone cements used in the management of cancerrelated VCFs must address both the fracture and the underlying pathology, this study seeks to expand the therapeutic benefits of aluminum-free GICs through investigating their drug delivery potential.…”