A Spectrum of Ultrasound and MR Imaging of Fetal Gastrointestinal Abnormalities: Part 2 Anorectal Malformation, Liver, and Abdominal Wall Anomalies

Abstract

Ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are two modalities for diagnosing fetal gastrointestinal (GI) anomalies. Ultrasound (US) is the modality of choice. MRI can be used as a complementary method. Despite its expanding utilization in central nervous system (CNS) fetal malformation, MRI has not yet been established for evaluation of fetal GI abnormalities. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the clinical implications of MRI investigations following screening by US.

Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging features of fetal urogenital anomalies: A pictorial essay

“…Also, MRI is frequently required for postnatal follow-up, particularly in situations with additional associated abnormalities. 3,4 In a retrospective study by Pico et al, MRI findings in combination with US follow-up complied with a postnatal diagnosis of urinary tract anomalies in 97% of cases, compared with 56% of cases with US examination alone. 5 In this article, we will discuss fetal urogenital anomalies, their causes, imaging features, prognosis, and possible treatments.…”

“…Due to its superior spatial resolution, real-time imaging, availability and safety, US remains the preferred modality. 3 MRI can be applied as a complementary modality to US, providing better soft tissue contrast, wider field of view, and advanced software image processing that allows for multi-planar image reconstruction and a more detailed delineation of anatomy and morphology. When ultrasonography is insufficient, restricted, or uncertain, MRI by professionals is a helpful option.…”

“…US plays the primary role in the screening of fetal anomalies. Due to its superior spatial resolution, real‐time imaging, availability and safety, US remains the preferred modality 3 …”

“…When ultrasonography is insufficient, restricted, or uncertain, MRI by professionals is a helpful option. Also, MRI is frequently required for postnatal follow‐up, particularly in situations with additional associated abnormalities 3,4 …”