A spontaneous bud mutant that causes lycopene and β-carotene accumulation in the juice sacs of the parental Guanxi pummelo fruits ( Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck)

Weina, Liu; Q, Ye; Jin, Xaioqin; Han, Fenghui; Xin-zhong, Huang; Cai, Shumin; Yang, Li

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.050

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The majority of citrus fruits exhibit characteristic yellow or orange color, which is mainly derived from various carotenoids. There are also some small populations of red-fleshed cultivars primarily due to the accumulation of upstream carotenoids represented by lycopene and β -carotene, such as “Cara Cara” navel orange [ 7 ] and red-fleshed pomelo [ 8 ]. In blood orange, the red flesh color is caused by the accumulation of anthocyanins (a group of colored flavonoids) [ 9 , 20 ], and similar case was also found in Zipi pomelo in Hubei, China (data not published).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most citrus fruits are generally colored by yellow or orange carotenoids particularly xanthophylls in the plastids during maturation [ 6 ]. Some red-fleshed citrus cultivars, such as “Cara Cara” navel orange ( C. sinensis Osbeck) [ 7 ] and and red-fleshed pummelo ( C. grandis Osbeck) predominantly accumulate lycopene and β -carotene [ 8 ], whereas blood orange ( C. sinensis Osbeck) is characterized by the accumulation of anthocyanin [ 9 ]. Red-fleshed fruit is not only special in flesh color, but also distinctive in other qualities compared with wild-type fruit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Largely different contents of terpenoids in beef red-flesh tangerine and its wild type

Liu

et al. 2017

BMC Plant Biol

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BackgroundNiurouhong (Citrus reticulata Blanco. Niurouhong) (NRH) is a spontaneous beef-red flesh mutant with distinctive flavor compared with its wild type orange-red flesh Zhuhongju (ZHJ). To illustrate the biochemical mechanism of its special flesh color and flavor, fruits at commercial mature stage were used to profile the volatiles in the flavedo and determine the levels of carotenoids, limonoid aglycones and phytohormones in the juice sacs in two seasons.ResultsOur results showed the content of total volatile terpenoids in NRH was 1.27-fold that in ZHJ. The components of volatiles were found to be common between the two tangerines. This result indicates that the distinctive flavor of NRH might not be derived from the presence/absence of specific volatiles; instead, it was derived from the altered concentrations or balance of α-citral, β-citral, 2-cyclohexen-1-one, (S)-3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl) and n-hexadecanoic acid. Analyses of the contents of total and specific carotenoids indicated that the beef-red color of NRH flesh might be largely attributed to the over accumulation of β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene. However, lower ABA level was found in NRH than in ZHJ, reflecting a possible feedback regulation of ABA biosynthesis on carotenogenesis and the balance in the metabolism among terpenoids.ConclusionsCollectively, our study suggested that the MEP pathway was enhanced in NRH tangerine. However, a certain unknown co-regulatory mechanism might be present in the metabolism pathway of secondary metabolites (especially terpenoids) in beef-red flesh mutant. Our study provides new insights into the regulatory network of terpenoid metabolism and mutation mechanism of red-fleshed citrus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Largely different contents of terpenoids in beef red-flesh tangerine and its wild type

Liu

et al. 2017

BMC Plant Biol

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“…Pink or red sports in orange 101 , 102 , pummelo 103 ( Citrus grandis Osbeck. ), and grapefruit 104 ( Citrus paradisi Macf.)…”

Section: Altered Fruit Colourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention sports fans! The far-reaching contributions of bud sport mutants to horticulture and plant biology

Foster

Aranzana

2018

Hortic Res

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A bud sport is a lateral shoot, inflorescence or single flower/fruit with a visibly different phenotype from the rest of the plant. The new phenotype is often caused by a stable somatic mutation in a single cell that is passed on to its clonal descendants and eventually populates part or all of a meristem. In many cases, a bud sport can be vegetatively propagated, thereby preserving the novel phenotype without sexual reproduction. Bud sports provide new characteristics while retaining the desirable qualities of the parent plant, which is why many bud sports have been developed into popular cultivars. We present an overview of the history of bud sports, the causes and methods of detecting somaclonal variation, and the types of mutant phenotypes that have arisen spontaneously. We focus on examples where the molecular or cytological changes causing the phenotype have been identified. Analysis of these sports has provided valuable insight into developmental processes, gene function and regulation, and in some cases has revealed new information about layer-specific roles of some genes. Examination of the molecular changes causing a phenotype and in some cases reversion back to the original state has contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms that drive genomic evolution.

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“…Orange-fleshed mandarins ( Citrus reticulata ) mainly accumulate 9- cis -violaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene [ 20 , 23 ]. Interestingly, red-fleshed traits have been observed in some pummelos ( Citrus maxima ) [ 11 , 20 , 24 ], grapefruits ( Citrus paradisi ) [ 21 ] and sweet oranges ( Citrus sinensis ) [ 13 , 20 , 22 , 25 ]; colorless phytoene, an abundance of red-colored lycopene and orange-colored β-carotene have been reported [ 22 ]. Moreover, the total carotenoids in the flesh of citrus fruits generally increase during fruit development [ 21 , 22 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Largely different carotenogenesis in two pummelo fruits with different flesh colors

Yan

Shi

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Carotenoids in citrus fruits have health benefits and make the fruits visually attractive. Red-fleshed ‘Chuhong’ (‘CH’) and pale green-fleshed ‘Feicui’ (‘FC’) pummelo (Citrus maxima (Burm) Merr.) fruits are interesting materials for studying the mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation. In this study, particularly high contents of linear carotenes were observed in the albedo tissue, segment membranes and juice sacs of ‘CH’. However, carotenoids, especially β-carotene and xanthophylls, accumulated more in the flavedo tissue of ‘FC’ than in that of ‘CH’. Additionally, the contents of other terpenoids such as limonin, nomilin and abscisic acid significantly differed in the juice sacs at 150 days postanthesis. A dramatic increase in carotenoid production was observed at 45 to 75 days postanthesis in the segment membranes and juice sacs of ‘CH’. Different expression levels of carotenogenesis genes, especially the ζ-carotene desaturase (CmZDS), β-carotenoid hydroxylase (CmBCH) and zeaxanthin epoxidase (CmZEP) genes, in combination are directly responsible for the largely different carotenoid profiles between these two pummelo fruits. The sequences of eleven genes involved in carotenoid synthesis were investigated; different alleles of seven of eleven genes might also explain the largely different carotenogenesis observed between ‘CH’ and ‘FC’. These results enhance our understanding of carotenogenesis in pummelo fruits.

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A spontaneous bud mutant that causes lycopene and β-carotene accumulation in the juice sacs of the parental Guanxi pummelo fruits ( Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck)

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Largely different contents of terpenoids in beef red-flesh tangerine and its wild type

Largely different contents of terpenoids in beef red-flesh tangerine and its wild type

Attention sports fans! The far-reaching contributions of bud sport mutants to horticulture and plant biology

Largely different carotenogenesis in two pummelo fruits with different flesh colors

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