A Spoonful of Sugar—Improving the Sensitivity of the Glucose Oxidase Test Strip Method for Detecting Subclinical Pulmonary Aspiration of Enteral Feed

Pj, Young

doi:10.1177/0310057x0102900517

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Serum glucose level was measured according to Young (2001) as glucose oxidase catalyses the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid and H 2 O 2 . The formed H 2 O 2 reacts with the chromogenic oxygen receptor, phenol, and 4-aminophenazone in the presence of peroxidase to form colored quinonemine.…”

Section: Chemical Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Moringa oleiferaleaf extract ameliorates alloxan-induced diabetes in rats by regeneration of β cells and reduction of pyruvate carboxylase expression

Latif

Bialy

Mahboub

et al. 2014

Biochem. Cell Biol.

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Moringa oleifera Lam. contains many active ingredients with nutritional and medicinal values. It is commonly used in folk medicine as an antidiabetic agent. The present study was designed to investigate how an aqueous extract from the leaves of M. oleifera reveals hypoglycemia in diabetic rats. M. oleifera leaf extract counteracted the alloxan-induced diabetic effects in rats as it normalized the elevated serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and malondialdehyde, and normalized mRNA expression of the gluconeogenic enzyme pyruvate carboxylase in hepatic tissues. It also increased live body weight gain and normalized the reduced mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase in the liver of diabetic rats. Moreover, it restored the normal histological structure of the liver and pancreas damaged by alloxan in diabetic rats. This study revealed that the aqueous extract of M. oleifera leaves possesses potent hypoglycemic effects through the normalization of elevated hepatic pyruvate carboxylase enzyme and regeneration of damaged hepatocytes and pancreatic β cells via its antioxidant properties.

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Section: Chemical Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Moringa oleiferaleaf extract ameliorates alloxan-induced diabetes in rats by regeneration of β cells and reduction of pyruvate carboxylase expression

Latif

Bialy

Mahboub

et al. 2014

Biochem. Cell Biol.

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“…Glucose was added to the feed of 25 sequential nasogastric tube-fed critically ill, tracheally intubated patients as described by Young 10 . All patients being enterally fed while endotracheally intubated or with a tracheostomy tube were included.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The modified glucose oxidase test strip method for the detection of aspiration of enteral feed has been described previously in this journal in a single patient case report 10 . The test was simple to use for routine monitoring.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Incidence and Immediate Respiratory Consequences of Pulmonary Aspiration of Enteral Feed as Detected Using a Modified Glucose Oxidase Test

Hussain

Roy

Young

2003

Anaesth Intensive Care

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Pulmonary micro-aspiration of enteral feed in intubated critically ill patients has been reported to occur commonly. In this prospective observational study the incidence of micro-aspiration, diagnosed by a modified glucose oxidase test, is reported in 25 enterally fed critically ill and tracheally intubated patients on a general intensive care unit. Episodes of microaspiration were correlated with changes in PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio as an index of changes in degree of lung injury. The modified glucose oxidase test differs from the traditional glucose oxidase test because of the enrichment of the feed with glucose (10g glucose added to 500 ml enteral feed resulting in a tenfold increase in glucose concentration). Pulmonary aspiration of feed was detected by exposing a glucose oxidase strip to tracheal secretions. The feed was enriched with glucose to improve the ability of the reagent strip to detect the feed. The incidence of aspiration of feed was 44% with a prevalence of 6.9% per day of intubation. Only 43% of these episodes of aspiration were detected by the feed being seen in the tracheal secretions. Aspiration was associated with a mean fall in the PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio of 5.6 kPa from 27.1 kPa to 21.5 kPa (P=0.002). Aspiration of enteral feed is common and causes a demonstrable morbidity. Detection using this simple bedside test may alert the clinician to institute measures to minimize further aspiration.

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“…After 48 h of exposure, cells were starved with glucose-free media RPMI 1640 (Hyclone) for an hour. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was then determined by incubating the cells in RPMI 1640 containing 8 mM D-glucose and 60 lU/ml insulin for 1 h. Glucose oxidase reagent (phenol, 4-aminoantipyridine, EDTA, glucose oxidase and peroxidase, Sigma) (Young 2001) was used to detect the presence of glucose present by determining the absorbance spectrophotometrically at 492 nm (BioTek PowerWave XS microtitre plate reader).…”

Section: Insulin-stimulated Glucose Uptake Assay In Chang Liver Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoformulation of Leonotis leonurus to improve its bioavailability as a potential antidiabetic drug

et al. 2017

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Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) of were successfully produced using high-pressure homogenisation (HPH) on a LAB 40 homogeniser. The particle size was determined for the formulation as well as short-term stability study. The formulation was exposed to Chang liver cells for a glucose uptake study and to INS-1 cells for a chronic insulin release study under normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic conditions. The particle size of the extract NLC was 220 nm with a PdI of 0.08 after homogenisation at 800 bar. The formulation was stable at the tested temperatures. The extract NLC formulation at 1 µg/ml improved glucose uptake, relative to the control liver cells. Insulin release in INS-1 cells was also elevated under hyperglycaemic conditions when exposed to the NLCs, in comparison with the control untreated cells and the non-formulated extract. The plant extract encapsulated in NLC improved the uptake of glucose and enhanced the insulin sensitivity in vitro, compared to the extract.

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A Spoonful of Sugar—Improving the Sensitivity of the Glucose Oxidase Test Strip Method for Detecting Subclinical Pulmonary Aspiration of Enteral Feed

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Moringa oleiferaleaf extract ameliorates alloxan-induced diabetes in rats by regeneration of β cells and reduction of pyruvate carboxylase expression

Moringa oleiferaleaf extract ameliorates alloxan-induced diabetes in rats by regeneration of β cells and reduction of pyruvate carboxylase expression

The Incidence and Immediate Respiratory Consequences of Pulmonary Aspiration of Enteral Feed as Detected Using a Modified Glucose Oxidase Test

Nanoformulation of Leonotis leonurus to improve its bioavailability as a potential antidiabetic drug

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