A Stable Ant-based Routing Protocol for Flying Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract

A Stable Ant-based Routing Protocol (SARP) for Flying Ad Hoc Networks is proposed in this paper. SARP is based on the Ant Colony Optimization meta-heuristic, which selects the next hop node according the stable value, pheromone and the energy of the link. The stable value is calculated by the transmission range of the node and the distance between the current node and the next hop nodes. SARP let the nodes broadcast HELLO messages periodically to obtain the neighbor information. We describe SARP, implement it and evaluate its performance using NS-2 network simulator. Simulation results reveal that SARP achieves better performance in terms of the packet delivery fraction, throughput and normalized routing load, which is respectively compared with AODV.

An Ant-Hocnet Routing Protocol Based on Optimized Fuzzy Logic for Swarm of UAVs in FANET

“…The RLSRP empowers updating the local routing strategies with the location information of drones and an advantage task defined based on the global network efficacy; however, this protocol cannot support multichannel structure. Zheng et al [15] proposed Stable Ant-based Routing Protocol (SARP). In SARP, a HELLO message is broadcasted occasionally to get the neighbor information.…”

“…(i) The proposed scheme is not effective in decreasing the link failure as well as ensuring successful packet retransmission [12] (ii) E-Ant-DSR leads to more delay as topology changes occur more frequently in FANET [19] (iii) The RLSRP empowers updating the local routing strategies with the location information of drones and an advantage task defined based on the global network efficacy; however, this protocol cannot support multichannel structure [14] (iv) SARP route selection considers only the shortest path, which is not enough for routing in FANET with high mobility nodes and hence result in possibly weak links [15] (v) LEPR has not shown considerable results in both the finding frequency of route and the routing overhead [13] There are various approaches to solve routing issues in FANET, the bio-inspired ACO-based algorithm is broadly used for routing issues in ad hoc networks. We use ACObased Ant-Hocnet algorithm along with fuzzy logic to improve routing in FANET.…”

A comprehensive review on recent advancements in routing protocols for flying ad hoc networks

“…Location assistance allows routing mechanisms to track the current location of fast flying nodes in order to make routing decisions efficiently. 35,36 Example of such protocols is Modified-RGR. 37 Nature inspired algorithms incorporate the biological behavioral characteristics of any naturally existing entity such as insects, birds, or animals.…”

“…Zheng et al 36 formulated a stable ant-based routing protocol (SARP) in which the authors had used ant colony optimization to enhance the route discovery process and next hop selection. The authors had used stable value, link energy, and pheromone to select the next hop for packet forwarding, which resulted in the optimization of route discovery process.…”

“…• Introduced UAV to UAV routing in a reactive manner and UAV to ground base station routing in a proactive manner. SARP 36 • Introduced a stable next hop selection mechanism by including stable value, link energy, and pheromone to elect the optimal next hop.…”