A State‐Level Analysis of the Impact of a U.S.‐EU Harmonization of Food Safety Standards on U.S. Exports of Fruits and Vegetables

Abstract

A comprehensive trade agreement has the potential to intensify agricultural trade between the United States and the European Union (EU). The cooperation on nontariff barriers including food safety standards and sanitary and phytosanitary issues will expand trade in fruits and vegetables. Using quarterly bilateral trade data at the U.S. state level, we deployed gravity models and probit equations and found that a 10% reduction in MRL stringency would promote trade by 5%. If the final provisions endorse the Codex MRLs, the U.

Exploring the Inhibitory Effect of RASFF on China-EU Trade of Rice-Based Products

“… 40 The estimates show that if RASFF notifications increase in the EU region, China’s rice-based exports to the EU would face greater resistance. This result is consistent with the result of the investigation by, 41 which found that less stringent measures would promote trade. The adverse effect demonstrates a significant lag effect.…”

Sustainable Production, Non-Tariff Measures, and Trade Performance in RCEP Countries

“…Kinzius et al [34] found that the impacts of NTMs on trade depend on the types of NTMs implemented. For example, Ferro et al [35] and Karemera et al [36], who used the maximum residual level of pesticides as a proxy for NTMs, found a negative impact on exports. Wood et al [20] proved that technical-barrier-to-trade (TBT) measures implemented by China reduce manufacturing and overall exports for Japan and South Korea, while sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures encourage agricultural sector exports to South Korea.…”

Standards and regulatory cooperation in regional trade agreements: What the effects on trade?

“…These studies suggest that the stringency of standards may be irrelevant when heterogeneity in standard requirements is low across countries: regulatory cooperation moves in this direction (Karemera et al 2020).…”

“…For instance, Drogué and DeMaria (2012) suggest that differences between sanitary regulations do matter and may, in some case, hinder trade; similarly, de Faria and Wieck (2015) conclude on the trade impeding effect of high levels of dissimilarity in safety standards. These studies suggest that the stringency of standards may be irrelevant when heterogeneity in standard requirements is low across countries: regulatory cooperation moves in this direction (Karemera et al, 2020).…”