A State‐of‐the‐Art Heterogeneous Catalyst for Efficient and General Nitrile Hydrogenation

Abstract

Cobalt‐doped hybrid materials consisting of metal oxides and carbon derived from chitin were prepared, characterized and tested for industrially relevant nitrile hydrogenations. The optimal catalyst supported onto MgO showed, after pyrolysis at 700 °C, magnesium oxide nanocubes decorated with carbon‐enveloped Co nanoparticles. This special structure allows for the selective hydrogenation of diverse and demanding nitriles to the corresponding primary amines under mild conditions (e.g. 70 °C, 20 bar H2). The advantage of this novel catalytic material is showcased for industrially important substrates, including adipodinitrile, picolinonitrile, and fatty acid nitriles. Notably, the developed system outperformed all other tested commercial catalysts, for example, Raney Nickel and even noble‐metal‐based systems in these transformations.

Development and Application of Efficient Ag‐based Hydrogenation Catalysts Prepared from Rice Husk Waste

“…The silver‐containing catalyst Ag@RA was chosen for further optimization. Pyrolysis temperatures from 400 to 800 °C have been tested in the catalyst preparation, as it has been shown to be a critical factor in the subsequent performance of heterogenous catalysts [39] . With these materials in hand, we tested their catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (Table 2).…”

General Construction of Amine via Reduction of N=X (X = C, O, H) Bonds Mediated by Supported Nickel Boride Nanoclusters

“…To improve this, researchers have developed a variety of homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts. For example, non-precious metals, such as iron [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], cobalt [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ], copper [ 48 , 49 ], nickel [ 10 , 11 , 21 , 24 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ], manganese [ 6 , 54 , 55 ], and noble metals, such as palladium [ 19 , 56 , 57 , 58 ], platinum [ 59 ], ruthenium [ 8 , 60 , 61 , 62 ], rhodium [ 28 , 63 , 64 , 65 ], samarium [ 66 ], and iridium [ 67 ], have been employed to construct hydrogenation catalysts.…”

Highly active heterogeneous hydrogenation catalysts prepared from cobalt complexes and rice husk waste

“…This core-layer structure has been observed in other catalytically active cobalt particles. 54 To better understand the nature of nitrogen atoms at the material surface and their role in the catalytic activity, their surface was investigated using XPS (for details, see section 1 in the ESI †). The validity and usefulness of this approach has been demonstrated in previous studies.…”

“…The validity and usefulness of this approach has been demonstrated in previous studies. 41,54,55 Co1@RH shows a significantly higher share of cobalt-nitrogen (CoN) bonding (67%) compared to Co2@RH (52%) while the share of N-pyrrol and N-amm bonding (see Fig. 1 and 4) is significantly lower (Fig.…”