A Statistical Estimation of 5G Massive MIMO Networks’ Exposure Using Stochastic Geometry in mmWave Bands

Abstract

This paper aims to derive an analytical modelling of the downlink exposure in 5G massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna networks using stochastic geometry. The Poisson point process (PPP) is assumed for base station (BS) distribution. The power received at the transmitter is modeled as a shot-noise process with a modified power law. The distributions of 5G massive MIMO antenna gain and channel gain were obtained by fitting simulation results from the NYUSIM channel simulator. The fitted distributions, e.g., exponential and gamma distribution for antenna and channel gain respectively, were then implemented into an analytical framework. In this paper, we obtained the closed-form expression of the moment-generating function (MGF) for the total exposure in the network. The framework is then validated by numerical simulations. The sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the impact of key parameters, e.g., BS density, path loss exponent, and transmission probability. We then proved and quantified the significant impact the transmission probability on global exposure, which indicates the importance of considering the network usage in 5G exposure estimations.

Stochastic Geometry Analysis of Electromagnetic Field Exposure in Coexisting Sub-6 GHz and Millimeter Wave Networks

“…To the best of our knowledge, there are very few discussions regarding the analytical study on the EMF exposure so far, except for a recent work in [26]. However, there are several differences between our work and [26].…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, there are very few discussions regarding the analytical study on the EMF exposure so far, except for a recent work in [26]. However, there are several differences between our work and [26]. First, in [26], the authors considered a single tier MMW network, while in our work, a hybrid sub-6 GHz and MMW tiers are considered along with entirely different channel propagation, antenna, and fading models in each tier.…”

“…First, in [26], the authors considered a single tier MMW network, while in our work, a hybrid sub-6 GHz and MMW tiers are considered along with entirely different channel propagation, antenna, and fading models in each tier. Second, the work in [26] did not consider any cell association strategy in the analysis, while the maximum-biased received power (MRP) cell association strategy is adopted in our work, where all the BSs are assigned with an association bias value, and the user is connected to a BS that has the strongest biased received power. Third, the global exposure metric considered in [26] is a different scope compared with our work.…”

“…Second, the work in [26] did not consider any cell association strategy in the analysis, while the maximum-biased received power (MRP) cell association strategy is adopted in our work, where all the BSs are assigned with an association bias value, and the user is connected to a BS that has the strongest biased received power. Third, the global exposure metric considered in [26] is a different scope compared with our work. In [26], a global exposure, which is the summation of the received power from all BSs, was considered by using a fitted distribution of channel gain.…”

Comparison of Average Total EMF Exposure for Microcell/Macrocell Topologies Using Novel Methodology Based on Operational Network Measurements

“…The aim was to assess the actual maximum exposure conditions and a key parameter of the model was found to be how the users were assumed to be distributed within the cell. In [18], the authors derived the analytical modelling of the downlink exposure in 5G massive MIMO networks using stochastic geometry and highlighted that the high dependence of the received power on the channel and the mobile terminals distribution made the analysis of the measurements especially challenging. In [16], base stations' transmit power samples were gathered from the network during 24 hours in order to characterize the actual EMF exposure.…”