A statistical study of the macroepidemiology of air pollution and total mortality

Malone, RE; Lipfert, Frederick W.; Daum, M.; Mendell, Nancy R.; Yang, Chin-Chun

doi:10.2172/7028097

Cited by 46 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…At Risk from Long-Term Chronic posure Long-term, repeated PM exposure has been associated with increased population-based mortality rates (155)(156)(157)(158)(159)(160) as well as increased risk of mortality in broad-based cohorts or samples of adults (162,163) and children (164) (Table 4). Chronic exposure studies of PM suggest rather broad susceptibility to cumulative effects of long-term repeated exposure.…”

Section: Stylizd Summary Ofeffectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Human Health: Biologic Mechanisms and Who's at Risk?

Pope¹

2000

Environmental Health Perspectives

432

110

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This article briefly summarizes the epidemiology of the health effects of fine particulate air pollution, provides an early, somewhat speculative, discussion of the contribution of epidemiology to evaluating biologic mechanisms, and evaluates who's at risk or is susceptible to adverse health effects. Based on preliminary epidemiologic evidence, it is speculated that a systemic response to fine particle-induced pulmonary inflammation, including cytokine release and altered cardiac autonomic function, may be part of the pathophysiologic mechanisms or pathways linking particulate pollution with cardiopulmonary disease. The elderly, infants, and persons with chronic cardiopulmonary disease, influenza, or asthma are most susceptible to mortality and serious morbidity effects from short-term acutely elevated exposures. Others are susceptible to less serious health effects such as transient increases in respiratory symptoms, decreased lung function, or other physiologic changes. Chronic exposure studies suggest relatively broad susceptibility to cumulative effects of long-term repeated exposure to fine particulate pollution, resulting in substantive estimates of population average loss of life expectancy in highly polluted environments. Additional knowledge is needed about the specific pollutants or mix of pollutants responsible for the adverse health effects and the biologic mechanisms involved. Key words: air pollution, cardiopulmonary disease, health effects, life expectancy, particulate pollution, review.-Environ Health Perspect 1 08(suppl 4): 713-723 (2000).

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Section: Stylizd Summary Ofeffectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Human Health: Biologic Mechanisms and Who's at Risk?

Pope¹

2000

Environmental Health Perspectives

432

110

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“…These data have been used in several previous epidemiological studies (Ozkaynak et al, 1987;Lipfert et al, 1988Lipfert et al, , 2000Lipfert et al, , 2003Pope et al, 1995Pope et al, , 2002. In this article, the PM 2.5 data for each county were averaged over time and across the available monitoring stations, and are assumed to indicate the average long-term exposure level for all subjects in the county.…”

Section: -1983 Pm 25 Data and 1973-2002 Mortality Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Total Mortality Among Elderly Californians, 1973–2002

Enstrom

2005

Inhalation Toxicology

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Fine particulate air pollution has been associated with increases in long-term mortality in selected cohort studies, and this association has been influential in the establishment of air quality regulations for fine particles (PM 2.5 ). However, this epidemiologic evidence has been questioned because of methodological issues, conflicting findings, and lack of an accepted causal mechanism. To further evaluate this association, the long-term relation between fine particulate air pollution and total mortality was examined in a 3 ) had no greater risk of death than those in the two counties with the lowest PM 2.5 levels (mean of 13.1 µg/m 3 ). These epidemiologic results do not support a current relationship between fine particulate pollution and total mortality in elderly Californians, but they do not rule out a small effect, particularly before 1983.

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“…Additional evidence is provided by studies using cross-sectional data such as , Evans et al (1984), and Lipfert et al (1988). Ozkaynak and Thurston examined roughly 100 metropolitan areas in the United States using the 1980 vital statistics.…”

Section: Crosssectional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final cross-sectional study reviewed is the analysis of 1980 data by Lipfert et al (1988). Sulfate measurements from the SAROAD network were obtained for 197 cities throughout the United States.…”

Section: -9mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating Fuel Cycle Externalities: Analytical Methods and Issues, Report 2

Barnthouse¹,

Cada²,

Easterly³

et al. 1994

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A statistical study of the macroepidemiology of air pollution and total mortality

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Epidemiology of Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Human Health: Biologic Mechanisms and Who's at Risk?

Epidemiology of Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Human Health: Biologic Mechanisms and Who's at Risk?

Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Total Mortality Among Elderly Californians, 1973–2002

Estimating Fuel Cycle Externalities: Analytical Methods and Issues, Report 2

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