A Strategic Multi-Step Reporposing of Aspirin Antimicrobial Activity Against Resistant Salmonella SPP Using Psidium Guajava and Syzygium Aromaticum Extracts

Abstract

For centuries, plant extract has been used for treatments of various diseases, medicinal plants has been a source of many active components of prescribe drugs. Drug resistant Salmonella infections is of growing concern in Nigeria. The aim of this work is this work is to develop a strategy for which acetylsalicylic acid a non-antibiotic can be repurpose to function as an antimicrobial agent by it combination with either Psidium guajava and Syzygium aromaticum extract at lower concentrations of both combining agent that will not be sufficient to inhibit salmonella spp growth individually before combination, to develop a mixture with antimicrobial property that can be able to compete with ciprofloxacin inhibition against Salmonella spp. Eighteen (18) combinations of three drugs (Co-trimoxazole, Tetracycline and Aspirin) each with Syzygium aromaticum (clove) extract and separately again with Psidium quajava (guava) extract in three different stages using concentrated Tetraoxosulphate(vi)acid (H2SO4) and 0.1M sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 31 antimicrobial disk were prepared and tested on salmonella spp. The antimicrobial test at lower concentrations reveals that Scl, a one-step combination of Co-trimoxaazole with clove extract, Ac2, a two-step combination of aspirin and clove extract, Ag2, a two-step combination of Aspirin and guava leave extract were all susceptible to resistant salmonella spp with clear zones of inhibition at 10 µg better than Ciprofloxacin at 20 µg. Aspirin was the best precursor drug which favourably combines with both clove and guava extract to give a carrier product with potential antimicrobial characteristics, this method can also be explored to identify novel compounds, isolates, and purify their active principles for to combat multi-drug resistant bacteria also in antiviral and anticancer research to overcome enormous health challenges.