A strategy for the separation of diterpenoid isomers from the root of Aralia continentalis by countercurrent chromatography: The distribution ratio as a substitute for the partition coefficient and a three-phase solvent system

A rapid ultra-performance convergence chromatography method was developed for the quantitative determination of bioactive compounds in Aralia continentalis as quality control markers. Quantitative analysis indicated the presence of two major bioactive compounds: diterpenoid acids continentalic acid and kaurenoic acid. Using a Torus 1-aminoanthracene column, continentalic acid and kaurenoic acid were separated in less than 8 min. The method was validated with respect to precision, accuracy, and linearity according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The optimized method exhibited a good linear correlation (r > 0.996), excellent precision (RSD< 1.0%), and acceptable recoveries (99.97-100.26%). Limits of detection for continentalic acid and kaurenoic acid were 0.068 and 0.097 μg/mL, respectively, while their corresponding limits of quantitation were 0.207 and 0.295 μg/mL. The system performance of ultra-performance convergence chromatography was compared with that of conventional high-performance liquid chromatography with respect to analysis time and efficiency. The proposed method was found to be reliable and convenient for the quantitative analysis of continentalic acid and kaurenoic acid in A. continentalis from South Korea and A. pubescens from China. This study is expected to serve as a guideline for the quality control of Aralia continentalis.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is considerably difficult to separate diterpenoid acids from the extract of A. continentalis as a majority of the diterpenoid acids are isomers exhibiting identical physical and chemical properties . Lee et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra‐performance convergence chromatography for the quantitative determination of bioactive compounds in Aralia continentalis Kitagawa as quality control markers

Kim

Moon

Choi

et al. 2017

“…In accordance with the concept "like dissolves like," some impurities are distributed in hdrophobic UP and hydrophilic LP. The remarkable enrichment of moderate polar molecules in moderately polar MP partly prevents serious loss due to repeated extraction in two-phase solvent systems [8,12,35]. Finding a suitable TPSS through repeated HPLC analysis is extremely difficult.…”

Section: Optimization Of Suitable Three-phase Solvent System For Enriching Target Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid enrichment and separation of two novel minor phenols from Malus hupehensis utilizing liquid–liquid extraction with three‐phase solvent system and high‐speed counter‐current chromatography based on the polarity parameter

Cai

Xiao

Tang

et al. 2021

For a rapid enrichment and separation of minor components from Malus hupehensis, the selection of suitable solvent system is the great challenge for liquid-liquid extraction with a three-phase solvent system and high-speed counter-current chromatography. According to the concept of "like dissolves like," the similarity of the average polarity between solvent system and target compounds was the significant characteristic of liquid-liquid extraction with a three-phase solvent system and high-speed counter-current chromatography separation. The polarity parameter model provides a way to calculate the polarity of unknown compounds. Under the guidance of the polarity, an efficient enrichment and separation approach was established through liquid-liquid extraction and high-speed counter-current chromatography with solvent systems composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-acetonitrile-water (5:3:5:7, v/v), n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:2:1:2, v/v), respectively. Thus, the total content of minor compounds was increased from 2.6% to 17.2%, and two novel compounds (6ťť-O-coumaroyl-2ť-O-glucopyranosylphloretin and 3ťťť-methoxy-6ťť-O-feruloy-2ť-glucopyranosylphloretin) were obtained. The discovery of the new dihydrochalcones expanded the structural diversity of compounds produced by the genus Malus. The experimental results demonstrated that compound polarity can be described by the polarity parameter model and is an important reference for investigating optimum solvent systems for liquid-liquid extraction with a three-phase solvent system and high-speed counter-current chromatography.

“…Among them, the three-phase solvent system can realize the separation of samples with a wide range of polarity and it has better stability and higher selectivity for target compounds than the traditional two-phase solvent system [13]. Hence, the three-phase solvent system is widely used to separate multiple compounds in CCC, for instance, vitamins [14], different degrees of polymerization of catechin polarity oligomer [15], compounds with a wide range of polarities [16], the secondary metabolites of natural product extracts [17], natural plant (rough bark and wood root) [18,19], isomer [20], phenolic compounds [21], and organic dyes [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of three‐phase solvent system in the counter‐current chromatography

Jing

Pei

et al. 2021

In counter‐current chromatography, the separation efficiency greatly depends on the partitioning ability of the separated substance between the stationary phase and the mobile phase. Partitioning ability is mainly represented by the parameter partition coefficient which is one of the important parameters to evaluate the separation effect of counter‐current chromatography. The scope of the partition coefficient value mainly depends on the solvent system. A suitable solvent system election is, therefore, a critical role in the separation of counter‐current chromatography. The existing solvent systems that are widely used are mainly two‐phase solvent systems. It is difficult to decide on an appropriate solvent system for the separation of compounds with a wide polarity range, which promotes the development of the three‐phase solvent system in counter‐current chromatography. This review mainly described the origin, development history of three‐phase solvent system, summarized the volume ratios and volume fractions of the upper, middle, and lower phases of nearly 50 three‐phase solvent systems, their advantages, and disadvantages in counter‐current chromatography. In addition, the challenges and future perspectives on three‐phase solvent systems in counter‐current chromatography also are discussed in this review.