A strategy to construct multifunctional ammonium polyphosphate for epoxy resin with simultaneously high fire safety and mechanical properties

Shao, Zhu-Bao; Zhang, Jing; Jian, Rong-Kun; Sun, Changchun; Li, Xiaolu; Wang, De‐Yi

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106529

Cited by 90 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Unlike the reactive flame retardant, the additive flame retardant is easy to use, can be easily fabricated, and is cost-effective. 7,8 Hydrated alumina (HA) is classified as an additive flame retardant and is widely used in the industry because of its low cost, no pollution, no halogens, and smoke suppression. 9,10 However, owing to their strong hydrophilic and the existence of hydrogen bond force, HA particles are liable to re-aggregate, and hence it is difficult to disperse them evenly on a hydrophobic polymer matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controllable fabrication of a hybrid containing dodecyl dihydrogen phosphate modified magnesium borate whisker/hydrated alumina for enhancing the fire safety and mechanical properties of epoxy resin

et al. 2022

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controllable fabrication of a hybrid containing dodecyl dihydrogen phosphate modified magnesium borate whisker/hydrated alumina for enhancing the fire safety and mechanical properties of epoxy resin

et al. 2022

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“…It can be clearly observed from Figure 4 that the thermal stability of the composites with 5% APP had been significantly improved after 400 °C. The main reason was that the introduction of APP resulted in the formation of carbon layers at high temperatures, which inhibited the transfer of heat and oxygen to the substrate [ 27 , 28 ]. It was worth noting that char yields were 27.1% and 28.6% at 800 °C with the introduction of APP-Cu and APP-Cu@PDA, respectively, as compared with the pure TPU.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modification of Ammonium Polyphosphate for Enhancing Flame-Retardant Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane

et al. 2022

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Currently, the development of efficient and environmentally friendly flame-retardant thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite materials has caused extensive research. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is used as a general intumescent flame retardant to improve the flame retardancy of TPU. In this paper, we developed a functionalized APP flame retardant (APP-Cu@PDA). Adding only 5 wt% of APP-Cu@PDA into TPU can significantly improve the flame-retardant’s performance of the composite material, reflected by a high LOI value of 28% with a UL-94 test of V-0 rating. Compared with pure TPU, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke release rate, and total smoke release were reduced by 82%, 25%, 50%, and 29%, respectively. The improvements on the flame-retardant properties of the TPU/5%APP-Cu@PDA composites were due to the following explanations: Cu2+-chelated PDA has a certain catalytic effect on the carbonization process, which can promote the formation of complete carbon layers and hinder the transfer of heat and oxygen. In addition, after adding 5% APP-Cu@PDA, the tensile strength and elongation at the break of TPU composites did not decrease significantly. In summary, we developed a new flame-retardant APP-Cu@PDA, which has better flame-retardant properties than many reported TPU composites, and its preparation process is simple and environmentally friendly. This process can be applied to the industrial production of flame retardants in the future.

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“…Moreover, the fuel gas is physically isolated from oxygen, preventing the continuation of the combustion process. In addition to the condensed phase mechanism, some phosphorus-containing compounds can also function in the gas phase with a mechanism similar to halogen-containing flame retardants [ 64 , 65 , 66 ]. It is believed that phosphorus–oxygen radicals play a significant role.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Flame-Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foam from 1963 to 2021

et al. 2022

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Flame-retardant science and technology are sciences developed to prevent the occurrence of fire, meet the needs of social safety production, and protect people’s lives and property. Rigid polyurethane (PU) is a polymer formed by the additional polymerization reaction of a molecule with two or more isocyanate functional groups with a polyol containing two or more reactive hydroxyl groups under a suitable catalyst and in an appropriate ratio. Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) is a foam-like material with a large contact area with oxygen when burning, resulting in rapid combustion. At the same time, RPUF produces a lot of toxic gases when burning and endangers human health. Improving the flame-retardant properties of RPUF is an important theme in flame-retardant science and technology. This review discusses the development of flame-retardant RPUF through the lens of bibliometrics. A total of 194 articles are analyzed, spanning from 1963 to 2021. We describe the development and focus of this theme at different stages. The various directions of this theme are discussed through keyword co-occurrence and clustering analysis. Finally, we provide reasonable perspectives about the future research direction of this theme based on the bibliometric results.

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A strategy to construct multifunctional ammonium polyphosphate for epoxy resin with simultaneously high fire safety and mechanical properties

Cited by 90 publications

References 55 publications

Controllable fabrication of a hybrid containing dodecyl dihydrogen phosphate modified magnesium borate whisker/hydrated alumina for enhancing the fire safety and mechanical properties of epoxy resin

Controllable fabrication of a hybrid containing dodecyl dihydrogen phosphate modified magnesium borate whisker/hydrated alumina for enhancing the fire safety and mechanical properties of epoxy resin

Surface Modification of Ammonium Polyphosphate for Enhancing Flame-Retardant Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane

A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Flame-Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foam from 1963 to 2021

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