“…Internal environmental management is often cited in the literature as one of the main dimensions of GSCM(Diab, Al- Bourini, & Abu-Rumman, 2015;Holt & Ghobadian, 2009). According toBalasubramanian (2014), internal environmental management consists of actions such as cooperation, commitment, and communication of senior management and managers, implementing environmental management systems such as ISO 14001, environmental audit programs, information technology systems, multifunctional integration for environmental improvement, training and allocation of human resources, measuring and monitoring environmental performance and sustainability indicators.Collaboration within the supply chain has been recognized as an important strategy that can contribute to improving operational, economic, and environmental performance(Ramanathan, Bentley, & Pang, 2014;Cao & Zhang, 2010) defining collaboration in supply chains as a partnership process where two or more companies work together in the planning and execution of operations in the supply chain, in pursuit of common goals and mutual benefits. According toRamanathan et al (2014), many companies realized that working alone is not enough to establish a green supply chain.…”